5,433 research outputs found
Утилизация отходов биологического производства
В статье рассматривается проблема утилизации отходов, так как в год Экологии это тема стала актуальной. На каждом предприятии и в каждом доме увеличилось количество мусора и от этого страдает экологическая обстановка в каждом городе. В статье подробно узучена тема биологического производства. К биологическим отходам относятся ткани и органы, образующиеся в результате медицинской и ветеринарной оперативной практики, медико-биологических экспериментов, гибели скота, других животных и птиц, и другие отходы, получаемые при переработке пищевого и непищевого сырья животного происхождения, а также отходы биотехнологической промышленности.The article deals with the problem of waste disposal as in the year of the Environment this issue has become topical. Every enterprise and every household increased the amount of debris and suffers the environmental situation in each city. The article Azucena the theme of biological production. Biodegradable waste includes tissues and organs resulting from operational medical and veterinary practice, medical and biological experiments, loss of livestock, other animals and birds, and other waste obtained in the processing of food and non-food raw materials of animal origin and waste products of the biotechnology industry
Entanglement Efficiencies in PT-Symmetric Quantum Mechanics
The degree of entanglement is determined for an arbitrary state of a broad
class of PT-symmetric bipartite composite systems. Subsequently we quantify the
rate with which entangled states are generated and show that this rate can be
characterized by a small set of parameters. These relations allow one in
principle to improve the ability of these systems to entangle states. It is
also noticed that many relations resemble corresponding ones in conventional
quantum mechanics.Comment: Published version with improved figures, 5 pages, 2 figure
Huygens' Principle for the Klein-Gordon equation in the de Sitter spacetime
In this article we prove that the Klein-Gordon equation in the de Sitter
spacetime obeys the Huygens' principle only if the physical mass of the
scalar field and the dimension of the spatial variable are tied by
the equation . Moreover, we define the incomplete Huygens'
principle, which is the Huygens' principle restricted to the vanishing second
initial datum, and then reveal that the massless scalar field in the de Sitter
spacetime obeys the incomplete Huygens' principle and does not obey the
Huygens' principle, for the dimensions , only. Thus, in the de Sitter
spacetime the existence of two different scalar fields (in fact, with m=0 and
), which obey incomplete Huygens' principle, is equivalent to
the condition (in fact, the spatial dimension of the physical world). For
these two values of the mass are the endpoints of the so-called in
quantum field theory the Higuchi bound. The value of the
physical mass allows us also to obtain complete asymptotic expansion of the
solution for the large time. Keywords: Huygens' Principle; Klein-Gordon
Equation; de Sitter spacetime; Higuchi Boun
Paediatric rheumatology services through the parents’ eyes: a pilot study to develop a disease specific questionnaire to monitor deficiencies of care
The Refractive Index of Silicon at Gamma Ray Energies
The index of refraction n(E_{\gamma})=1+\delta(E_{\gamma})+i\beta(E_{\gamma})
is split into a real part \delta and an absorptive part \beta. The absorptive
part has the three well-known contributions to the cross section \sigma_{abs}:
the photo effect, the Compton effect and the pair creation, but there is also
the inelastic Delbr\"uck scattering. Second-order elastic scattering cross
sections \sigma_{sca} with Rayleigh scattering (virtual photo effect), virtual
Compton effect and Delbr\"uck scattering (virtual pair creation) can be
calculated by integrals of the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations from the
cross section \sigma_{abs}. The real elastic scattering amplitudes are
proportional to the refractive indices \delta_{photo}, \delta_{Compton} and
\delta_{pair}. While for X-rays the negative \delta_{photo} dominates, we show
for the first time experimentally and theoretically that the positive
\delta_{pair} dominates for \gamma rays, opening a new era of \gamma optics
applications, i.e. of nuclear photonics.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Integrated Atom Detector Based on Field Ionization near Carbon Nanotubes
We demonstrate an atom detector based on field ionization and subsequent ion
counting. We make use of field enhancement near tips of carbon nanotubes to
reach extreme electrostatic field values of up to 9x10^9 V/m, which ionize
ground state rubidium atoms. The detector is based on a carpet of multiwall
carbon nanotubes grown on a substrate and used for field ionization, and a
channel electron multiplier used for ion counting. We measure the field
enhancement at the tips of carbon nanotubes by field emission of electrons. We
demonstrate the operation of the field ionization detector by counting atoms
from a thermal beam of a rubidium dispenser source. By measuring the ionization
rate of rubidium as a function of the applied detector voltage we identify the
field ionization distance, which is below a few tens of nanometers in front of
nanotube tips. We deduce from the experimental data that field ionization of
rubidium near nanotube tips takes place on a time scale faster than 10^(-10)s.
This property is particularly interesting for the development of fast atom
detectors suitable for measuring correlations in ultracold quantum gases. We
also describe an application of the detector as partial pressure gauge.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure
Ensuring metrological control of the means of thermal control
В настоящее время все большее применение набирают приборы бесконтактного и быстродейственного контроля температуры приборами, регистрирующими излучения в световом и инфракрасном диапазонах.At present, more and more devices are being used to collect non-contact and high-speed temperature control instruments that register radiation in the light and infrared ranges
Переводы и переводчики: основные подходы к переводу произведений А. П. Чехова на английский язык (в историческом аспекте)
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