Genetic diversity and breeding value of synthetic hexaploid wheat introduced into the VIR collection

For the  successful  development of wheat  breeding in Russia, a genetically  diverse  and  well-characterized starting material, mainly stored  at the VIR collection, is needed. To replenish  the collection, 36 lines (accessions) of synthetic hexaploid  wheat  (SHWs) developed at CIMMYT by crossing Triticum durum with Aegilops tauschii were studied.  Our research  was aimed at studying  the SHWs using a complex of morphological and economically  valuable traits in the environments of European Russia’s northwestern part (E30°, N59°), evaluating the reaction  of the SHWs to a photoperiod  and determining their genetic heterogeneity and similarities by gliadins as biochemical  markers. The results showed that the variability of different traits for SHWs fits into the framework of the genus  Triticum, and so SHWs can be classified as poorly domesticated forms. Their distinctive feature, valuable for wheat  breeding, is a large weight  of a thousand grains (up to 60.6 g). This trait was characterized by a low degree of variability and a low correlation  with other  traits. The reaction  of wheat  plants to the length  of the day is crucial for their transition  from vegetative to reproductive development. The SHWs studied differed from common wheat and one another by responses to the short day and by the length  of the ‘emergence-heading’ phase  if they grew under  the conditions of a long day. The delay in the development of plants with a short photoperiod ranged from 5.4 to 53.8 days. On a long day, the duration of the ‘emergence-heading’ phase  varied from 39.5 to 53.9 days. A possible genetic basis for the differences  identified is discussed.  To assess the diversity of SHWs, we also used  gliadin proteins as informative  biochemical  markers. It was revealed  that 21 SHWs were homogeneous, and the rest, heterogeneous. Forty-four different biotypes were found for the SHWs studied,  from which 36 were unique.  Relationships between biotypes have been  demonstrated using cluster analysis. It should be noted that 13 SHWs were unstable. In each of them, some plants differed from the others  in terms of a complex of morphological characters, reaction to a photoperiod, and gliadin patterns. It is possible that the instability of accessions  is the result of genome rearrangement in SHWs. SHW accessions  and the forms isolated from them are considered as sources of new genetic variability to improve common wheat

Features of the electron structure of FeTe compounds

A theoretical and experimental study of the electron structure and nature of the chemical bonds in FeTe compounds in antiferromagnetic (AFM) and paramagnetic phases. It is established that the nature of the chemical bonds is mainly metallic, and the presence of covalent bonds Fe-Te and Te-Te helps to stabilize the structural distortions of the tetragonal phase of FeTe in the low-temperature region. It is found that the bicollinear AFM structure corresponds to the ground state of the FeTe compound and the calculated value of the magnetic moment MFe = -2.4μB is in good agreement with the data from neutron diffraction measurements. At the same time, the Fermi surface (FS) of the low-temperature AFM phase is radically different from the FS of the paramagnetic FeTe. Reconstructing the FS can lead to a sign change of the Hall coefficient observed in FeTe. The calculation results serve as evidence of the fact that the electron structures and magnetic properties of FeTe are well-described by the model of itinerant d-electrons and the density functional theory (DFT-GGA)

Congenital hyperinsulinism in newborns and young children: the state of the problem and the results of surgical treatment

Congenital hyperinsulinism causes irreversible damage to the cerebral cortex with subsequent disability in children. The article presents the features of etiopathogenesis, clinical picture of the disease. The histological variants of pancreatic lesions are analyzed in detail. The principles of correct diagnosis are formulated. A new in Russia method for the preoperative determination of the histological form of the disease, which is carried out at the y, Almazov National Medical Research Centre since 2017, – PET/ CT with 18F-DOPA, explained the biochemical basis of its clinical application and the examination technique. The principles of the selection of drug therapy with possible complications, the need for an adequate assessment of its effectiveness are described. If it is impossible to achieve a stable target euglycemia without the need for intravenous glucose infusion, surgical correction of the disease is indicated. In schematic drawings and intraoperative photographs, approaches to surgical treatment are described, the stages of operations and possible complications are clearly disassembled. The results of surgical interventions at the N.N. V.A. Almazov for 01.2017–02.2021, where 39 children with congenital hyperinsulinism were operated on. According to PET/CT with 18F-DOPA, 15 diffuse and 24 focal forms were diagnosed. After surgery, in 12 (31%) patients, a diffuse lesion of the gland was confirmed, in 23 (59%) – a focal nature of the lesion, in 4 (10%) – an atypical form was diagnosed intraoperatively. Of 39 children, 36 (92%) have complete relief of hyperinsulinism, a significant improvement in psychomotor development, of which 9 (23%) need insulin replacement therapy with minimal dosages, these are 8 children with a diffuse form of the disease and 1 child with an atypical one. Intraand postoperative complications were not observed. Thus, partial pancreatectomy for focal forms, subtotal for atypical and near total for diffuse forms, can cope with hypoglycemia due to congenital hyperinsulinism and prevent damage to the central nervous system of newborns and infants

The analysis of regional development on the basis of corporate structures’ activity

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved. Modern conditions upgrade issues concerning the search of ways to develop and increase activity efficiency of large-scale industrial associations that possess a high concentration of material and scientific resources, and influence significantly both a certain economic sector or region and the country’s development in general. This paper aims to substantiate author’s techniques to define the impact of corporate entities on a regional social-economic sphere. The authors have highlighted main features of Russian corporate entities and possible forms of ownership. Types of regions and their features the consideration of which is necessary to evaluate regional development are presented on the basis of the author’s estimation procedure. The factor analysis made the foundation for a rating assessment of corporate entities impact on the region; it allowed to estimate quantitatively corporations’ activity and the level of regional development at a certain time period. The paper is intended for heads of regions, top‑managers, researchers dealing with issues of corporate entities’ and regional economy development

Diversity of new Russian bread wheat cultivars according to leaf rust resistance genes

Background. Cultivation of resistant cultivars is an effective method of wheat protection against leaf rust. The purpose of this work was to characterize the juvenile leaf rust resistance of bread wheat cultivars listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements in 2021 and identify their Lr genes using molecular markers.Materials and methods. The material included 18 cultivars of winter bread wheat and nine spring ones. Juvenile resistance in the seedling phase was assessed with two test clones (kLr9 и kLr19) and the Krasnodar population of Puccinia triticina Erikss. Molecular markers were used to identify 18 Lr genes.Results and discussion. A high level of resistance (score 0 or 0;) was shown by cvs. ‘Khamdan’, ‘Sharm’ and ‘Omskaya 44’; moderate resistance (score 2, 2+) by ‘Albidum 2030’. Reactions of ‘Polina’, ‘Rossyp’, ‘Status’, ‘Balkysh’ and ‘Bogema’ were variable. The studied cultivars did not contain juvenile genes Lr9, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr29, Lr39, Lr47 or Lr66 and adult plant resistance genes Lr21 and Lr35. Markers of identifiable genes were not detected in cv. ‘Sharm’, highly resistant to leaf rust. ‘Khamdan’ had an ineffective Lr10 gene and a partial resistance gene Lr34, which offered no protection in the seedling stage. These cultivars seem to contain additional resistance genes. A high level of resistance to leaf rust in ‘Omskaya 44’ is provided by a combination of the Lr19, Lr26, Lr1 and Lr3 genes. In ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’, the partially effective adult plant resistance gene Lr37 was identified. In other tested cultivars, Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr26 and Lr34 were widely represented

ПОВЕРХНОСТНО МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫЕ МАГНИТНЫЕ НАНОЧАСТИЦЫ ДЛЯ МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

Unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials arouse a great interest of specialists of various fields. Materials based on nanostructures purchase new mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. Great practical importance is the magnetic properties of materials, structural elements which lie at the nanoscale. Nanomaterials with magnetic properties have been used in drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic separation, and magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic properties of nanoparticles depend on many factors, such as particle size and shape, chemical properties and lattice type. Magnetic characteristics can be changed by the interaction of particles with the surrounding matrix and neighboring particles.Unfortunately, many studies show that a great disadvantage of the unmodified nanoparticles is their non-specific interaction with the cells, which leads to their accumulation outside the target organs, also to­xicity of nanomaterials and their low colloidal stability. Surface modification of nanoparticles can solve this problem. Development of nanostructures based on magnetic nanoparticles and functionalized by biocompatible agents is one of the main targets of nanobiotechnology.Наноматериалы с уникальными физико-химическими свойствами вызывают большой интерес у специалистов различных областей. Особенности структуры вещества в наносостоянии позволяют создавать конструкции с новыми механическими, оптическими и электрическими свойствами. Большое практическое значение имеют магнитные свойства материалов, структурные элементы которых лежат в нанодиапазоне. Магнитные наночастицы могут быть использованы как в целях терапии, так и для диагностики различных заболеваний. Наноматериалы, обладающие магнитными свойствами, нашли применение в адресной доставке лекарственных веществ, магнитной гипертермии, магнитной сепарации и магнитно-резонансной томографии. Свойства магнитных наночастиц зависят от многих факторов, таких как их размер и форма, химический состав и тип кристаллической решетки. Магнитные характеристики могут изменяться при взаимодействии частиц с окружающими их веществами и соседними частицами.К сожалению, большими недостатками немодифицированных наночастиц являются их неспецифическое взаимодействие с клетками, которое приводит к накоплению их вне органов-мишеней, а также токсичность наноматериалов и низкая коллоидная устойчивость. Решением этой проблемы может послужить поверхностная модификация наночастиц. На современном этапе одна из основных задач нанобиотехнологии – разработка наноконструкций на основе магнитных наночастиц, которые будут функционализированы биосовместимыми агентами