Flow structure and turbulence in near fields of circular and noncircular jets

Experimental investigation of the turbulent flow field of jets emanating from circular and curved-edged noncircular nozzles is conducted using hotwire anemometry. Distributions of the mean velocity vector are obtained by traversing a triple-sensor hot-wire probe at varying streamwise locations downstream of the jet exit plane in a low-speed free-jet facility. Measurements are obtained for a baseline circular nozzle (round jet) and for equilateral triangular and square nozzles. The data are used to compare the structure of the flow field within these jets such as their mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and entrainment levels. Axis rotation phenomenon is also investigated for noncircular nozzles, and it was not observed up to a streamwise location of 10d (d is the nozzle equivalent diameter, equals to 40 mm) for noncircular nozzles

A good sample to concurrent Fauna: Study on aquatic coleoptera fauna (Adephaga and polyphaga) of Lake Van Basin (Turkey), with some zoogeographic remarks

*Darılmaz, Mustafa Cemal ( Aksaray, Yazar )A brief zoogeographic analysis of the aquatic and semi aquatic Coleoptera fauna of Lake Van Basin (East Anatolia) based on the distribution of 194 species/subspecies belong to ten families in basin shows the existence of three major faunas, one influenced European-Siberian region, the others by the Eremia and Mediterranean. Species from different zoogeographical unitsare determined and listed. Totally, in research area, it is found out that 111 species find in every three zoogeographic region. Rhantus frontalis (Dytiscidae), Helophorus occidentalis and H. yammounensis (Helophoridae) are newly recorded from Turkey. Turkey is southern limit of Ochthebius costatellus, andeastern limit of Hygrobia hermanni ranges...