Fabrication of Surface Micromachined AlN Piezoelectric Microstructures and its Potential Apllication to RF Resonators

We report on a novel microfabrication method to fabricate aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric microstructures down to 2 microns size by a surface micromachining process. Highly c-axis oriented AlN thin films are deposited between thin Cr electrodes on polysilicon structural layers by rf reactive sputtering. The top Cr layer is used both as a mask to etch the AlN thin films and as an electrode to actuate the AlN piezoelectric layer. The AlN layer is patterned anisotropically by wet etching using a TMAH (25%) solution. This multilayer stack uses silicon-di-oxide as a sacrificial layer to make free-standing structures. One-port scattering paramenter measurement using a network analyzer show a resonant frequency of 1.781 GHz on a clamped-clamped beam suspended structure. The effective electromechanical coupling factor is calculated as 2.4 % and the measured bandwidth is 13.5 MHz for one such a doubly clamped beam (990x30) μm2

Self-reported psychosocial health in obese patients before and after weight loss

Psychosocial profiles were examined in 255 morbidly obese patients attending a hospital service offering access to standard weight loss therapies. 129 patients were reassessed after at least 6-month follow-up. At baseline, 51.8% and 32.7% of patients, respectively, had evidence of anxiety and depressive disorders, 24% had severe impairments in self esteem, and 29.7% had an increased risk of eating disorders. At follow-up, weight loss from baseline was significant in all 3 therapies: diet only is 0.74±1.8 kg; pharmacotherapy is 6.7±4.2 kg; and surgery is 20.1±13.6 kg. Anxiety scores improved in all three groups (P<.05). Patients having pharmacotherapy or surgery had significant improvements in physical and work function and public distress compared to those having dietary treatment only (P<.05). Our observational data suggest that weight management services can lead to psychosocial benefit in morbidly obese patients. Well-designed studies are necessary to examine the link between weight loss and emotional health

Generosity and Kindness of Vaelpaari in Sangam Literature

It is said that one who born in a clan which has a practice of giving gifts to others and helping others; will offer their hands to the sufferers even before the sufferers tells them they are in need. This article is about the merits of Vaelpaari, the king of Parampu Mountain. He had a humble nature and a kind heart. Sangam literary books such as Puranaanuru, pathitrupathu, Sirupaanatrupadai, Thirukkural, Nikandul, Devaram, Tirupukazh have been analyzed in this article to know about Vaelpaari's generosity and kindness

A RANDOMIZED, OPEN LABEL, COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LYSINE CREAM WITH STANDARD TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SECOND DEGREE SUPERFICIAL BURNS

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of lysine cream in patients with second-degree superficial burns.Methods: In this randomized, open label, comparative study patients with second degree superficial burns received either combination of lysine cream 15% and silver sulfadiazine cream 1% or sulfadiazine cream 1% alone, twice daily for period of 4 weeks. The primary outcome, pain, discharge, size and total body surface area (TBSA) were assessed in each visits.Results: Patients in the study group showed significant change than the control group in pain, discharge, size, and TBSA during the first 4 weeks after treatment. In addition, significantly more patients in lysine group had adequate relief of itching and increased epithelialization.Conclusions: Combination of lysine cream and silver sulfadiazine cream for 4 weeks provided significant relief of pain, discharge, size, TBSA, and itching. Lysine cream was well tolerated.Â

The Boundless Friendship between Velpari and Kapilar in Classical Literature

This article sets out to know the opinions of poets, scholars, and sages in classical literature such as Ettuththokai (Eight Anthologies), Pathuppattu (The Ten Idylls), Pathinenkilkanakku (18 books), Didactic books, and Moral literature. And also, to explore the power of unadulterated honesty, truth, and dignity in friendship. Moreover, Kapilar was a great poet who was the chief scholar of the Tamil Sangam in education, questions, and in Madurai, the city where Tamil was developed with the various periods of Sangam as First Sangam, Middle (Idai) Sangam, and Last (Kadai) Sangam. Most of the songs in Sangam literature are sung by Kapilar.It has been thoroughly researched about the excellence of the friendship between the poet Kapilar and Velpari, the leader of the Velirkulam who ruled the small land of Parambu Nadu within the boundaries of the Pandya Empire, the grammar of friendship, the necessity of friendship, and friendship, as well as the unethical friendship that has been dealt with in Purananuru, Patirupattu, Siruppanaartuppai, Thirukkural, and Naladiyar. In the classical literature, the way in which Velpari and Kapilar valued friendship more than life, and the high spirit of Kapilar who stood as a close supporter of Velpari and guided Pari to defeat the enemy and helped him to achieve victory in the time of great suffering, is also explored in this article. Knowing that Pari cannot be defeated in a face-to-face fight, Moovendars (Three Great Kings) kills Pari by stratagem. After Velpari's death, Kabila, who had intended to sacrifice himself, changed his mind, thinking that if he too died, both of Pari's daughters would be left in a state of destitution. Kapila intended to get Pari's daughters married and appealed to the chieftains, Ilavachiko and Irungo, to share the fame of Pari and marry his daughters. Fearing the enmity of the Moovendars, the two small land leaders refused to accept Kapilar's request. Kapilar, who was heartbroken and without Pari, wanted to die. Kapilar handed over Pari's daughters to a brahmin who was close to him and gave up his life from the north

Exploring the Awareness of Information Search Techniques Gained from Various Sources: A Study Among the Research Scholars of University of Kerala

An exploratory approach of study is made to understand the extent and level of awareness of search techniques which is carried out among the research scholars of departments in University of Kerala. The preferred source of developing awareness in information search and access by the researchers need to identified for the quickly approach of the right documents for their research works. It is found to be very essential to conduct a study that is relevant in the present digital environment which results in the benefit of the researchers for suitably selecting the search techniques required for their topic. The study is conducted among the research scholars including both M.Phil. and Ph.D. of the ten faculties. The paper explores the level and extent of various sources where they gained awareness of search techniques. The stratified random sampling method is adopted here to collect the required data through questionnaire. The paper evidently collected data from the population of 830, where a sample of 656 Research Scholars of the ten faculties was selected for the study. The Mann-Whitney U test is applied to analyse the data set and the calculated statistical evidences did not support the formulated null hypothesis. The observed Mann-Whitney U test values are; Help Menu (U=44258.500), Online Tutorials (U=45249.000), Guidelines (U=46079.000), Class Room Trainings (U=46484.000), and Library User Programs (U=43946.000). Study enabled the authors to find an answer for the research question- Is there any significant differences between the Mean value of Gender and usage levels of sources

Study on the Influence of Rapid Prototyping Parameters on Product Quality in 3D Printing

This work aims at evaluating the relative significance of the input parameters on the product quality produced by Z510 3DP rapid fabricator. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array was employed to investigate the possible process parameters including binder setting saturation value (shell & core), layer thickness, and build orientation. Using a surface profilometer and CMM, a series of measurements in evaluating the 3DP products surface finish and dimensional accuracy has been carried out. Nonlinear regression model was developed and a statistical analysis was done to determine the significant factors affecting the product quality of the fabricated products. Optimal process parameter settings were proposed using Particle Swarm Optimization technique. The results were validated by conducting the confirmatory experiments.Mechanical Engineerin

Violence: The Outcome of Aggression in Vijay Tendulkar’s Ghashiram Kotwal

Indian Literature has captured a special place in the world of literature. It has described many themes including sex, love, power, cruelty, violence etc. Violence plays a major role in almost every novel written by Indian writers in English. The use of power, physical force on other human beings or animals can be considered as violence. Violence in many forms has been used in Indian writing in English plays and drama. It is commonly described by the Indian dramatist Vijay Tendulkar in his plays in a admirable manner. He uses violence as a main tool to describe the mentality of people in his plays. One of his famous play Ghashiram Kotwal is considered as a political satire.Ghashiram, the chief of police in the city, in many places has been attacked on unimportant matters only in the place of primary assumptions. Through this play the dramatist talks about the inborn nature of a man who has violence hidden towards his friends and relatives. Whichever position he acquires, the reality is that there is an urge of violence when situations arise