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Girls' jobs for the boys? Men, masculinity and non-traditional occupations
Occupational segregation by sex remains the most pervasive aspect of the labour market. In the past, most research on this topic has concentrated on explanations of womenâs segregation into low paid and low status occupations, or investigations of women who have crossed gender boundaries into menâs jobs, and the potential impact on them and the occupations. In contrast, this article reports on a small scale, qualitative study of ten men who have crossed into what are generally defined as âwomenâs jobsâ. In doing so, one of the impacts on them has been that they have experienced challenges to their masculine identity from various sources and in a variety of ways. The menâs reactions to these challenges, and their strategies for developing and accommodating their masculinity in light of these challenges are illuminating. They either attempted to maintain a traditional masculinity by distancing themselves from female colleagues, and/or partially (re)constructed a different masculinity by identifying with their non-traditional occupations. This they did as often as they deemed necessary as a response to different forms of challenge to their gender identities from both men and women. Finally, the article argues that these responses work to maintain the men as the dominant gender, even in these traditionally defined âwomenâs jobsâ
Defect Dynamics for Spiral Chaos in Rayleigh-Benard Convection
A theory of the novel spiral chaos state recently observed in Rayleigh-Benard
convection is proposed in terms of the importance of invasive defects i.e
defects that through their intrinsic dynamics expand to take over the system.
The motion of the spiral defects is shown to be dominated by wave vector
frustration, rather than a rotational motion driven by a vertical vorticity
field. This leads to a continuum of spiral frequencies, and a spiral may rotate
in either sense depending on the wave vector of its local environment. Results
of extensive numerical work on equations modelling the convection system
provide some confirmation of these ideas.Comment: Revtex (15 pages) with 4 encoded Postscript figures appende
Power-Law Behavior of Power Spectra in Low Prandtl Number Rayleigh-Benard Convection
The origin of the power-law decay measured in the power spectra of low
Prandtl number Rayleigh-Benard convection near the onset of chaos is addressed
using long time numerical simulations of the three-dimensional Boussinesq
equations in cylindrical domains. The power-law is found to arise from
quasi-discontinuous changes in the slope of the time series of the heat
transport associated with the nucleation of dislocation pairs and roll
pinch-off events. For larger frequencies, the power spectra decay exponentially
as expected for time continuous deterministic dynamics.Comment: (10 pages, 6 figures
Count three for wear able computers
This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the IEE Eurowearable 2003 Conference, and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at the IET Digital Library.
A revised version of this paper was also published in Electronics Systems and Software, also subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is also available at the IET Digital Library.A description of 'ubiquitous computer' is presented. Ubiquitous computers imply portable computers embedded into everyday objects, which would replace personal computers. Ubiquitous computers can be mapped into a three-tier scheme, differentiated by processor performance and flexibility of function. The power consumption of mobile devices is one of the most important design considerations. The size of a wearable system is often a design limitation
Effect of the Centrifugal Force on Domain Chaos in Rayleigh-B\'enard convection
Experiments and simulations from a variety of sample sizes indicated that the
centrifugal force significantly affects rotating Rayleigh-B\'enard
convection-patterns. In a large-aspect-ratio sample, we observed a hybrid state
consisting of domain chaos close to the sample center, surrounded by an annulus
of nearly-stationary nearly-radial rolls populated by occasional defects
reminiscent of undulation chaos. Although the Coriolis force is responsible for
domain chaos, by comparing experiment and simulation we show that the
centrifugal force is responsible for the radial rolls. Furthermore, simulations
of the Boussinesq equations for smaller aspect ratios neglecting the
centrifugal force yielded a domain precession-frequency
with as predicted by the amplitude-equation model for domain
chaos, but contradicted by previous experiment. Additionally the simulations
gave a domain size that was larger than in the experiment. When the centrifugal
force was included in the simulation, and the domain size closely agreed
with experiment.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figure
Coexistence and competition of local- and long-range polar orders in a ferroelectric relaxor
We have performed a series of neutron diffuse scattering measurements on a
single crystal of the solid solution Pb(ZnNb)O (PZN) doped
with 8% PbTiO (PT), a relaxor compound with a Curie temperature T K, in an effort to study the change in local polar orders from the polar
nanoregions (PNR) when the material enters the ferroelectric phase. The diffuse
scattering intensity increases monotonically upon cooling in zero field, while
the rate of increase varies dramatically around different Bragg peaks. These
results can be explained by assuming that corresponding changes occur in the
ratio of the optic and acoustic components of the atomic displacements within
the PNR. Cooling in the presence of a modest electric field oriented
along the [111] direction alters the shape of diffuse scattering in reciprocal
space, but does not eliminate the scattering as would be expected in the case
of a classic ferroelectric material. This suggests that a field-induced
redistribution of the PNR has taken place
Intermediate reading exercises for use with the Durrell Analysis of Reading Difficulty.
Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit
Influence of the Dufour effect on convection in binary gas mixtures
Linear and nonlinear properties of convection in binary fluid layers heated
from below are investigated, in particular for gas parameters. A Galerkin
approximation for realistic boundary conditions that describes stationary and
oscillatory convection in the form of straight parallel rolls is used to
determine the influence of the Dufour effect on the bifurcation behaviour of
convective flow intensity, vertical heat current, and concentration mixing. The
Dufour--induced changes in the bifurcation topology and the existence regimes
of stationary and traveling wave convection are elucidated. To check the
validity of the Galerkin results we compare with finite--difference numerical
simulations of the full hydrodynamical field equations. Furthermore, we report
on the scaling behaviour of linear properties of the stationary instability.Comment: 14 pages and 10 figures as uuencoded Postscript file (using uufiles
Finite Size Scaling of Domain Chaos
Numerical studies of the domain chaos state in a model of rotating
Rayleigh-Benard convection suggest that finite size effects may account for the
discrepancy between experimentally measured values of the correlation length
and the predicted divergence near onset
Timing is everything: dance aesthetics depend on the complexity of movement kinematics
What constitutes a beautiful action? Research into dance aesthetics has largely focussed on subjective features like familiarity with the observed movement, but has rarely studied objective features like speed or acceleration. We manipulated the kinematic complexity of observed actions by creating dance sequences that varied in movement timing, but not in movement trajectory. Dance-naĂŻve participants rated the dance videos on speed, effort, reproducibility, and enjoyment. Using linear mixed-effects modeling, we show that faster, more predictable movement sequences with varied velocity profiles are judged to be more effortful, less reproducible, and more aesthetically pleasing than slower sequences with more uniform velocity profiles. Accordingly, dance aesthetics depend not only on which movements are being performed but on how movements are executed and linked into sequences. The aesthetics of movement timing may apply across culturally-specific dance styles and predict both preference for and perceived difficulty of dance, consistent with information theory and effort heuristic accounts of aesthetic appreciation
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