Training of chemistry teachers for sustainable development

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Proposed and piloted teacher training plan containing elements of the concept of sustainable development. teacher training plan includes the development of general and specialized courses in chemical disciplines, organization of activities, taking into account the principles of Green Chemistry

Case report of hypotonic dehydration with outcome in cerebral edema in a child

Dehydration is one of the most common disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism in young children. The reasons leading to the lack of water in the child’s body are very diverse. In clinical practice, a correct assessment of the pathophysiological mechanisms in various types of dehydration is necessary, which will allow timely identification of changes in various organ systems and conduct rational rehydration therapy. Water losses in children occur in a certain sequence. First of all, the intravascular subsector of the extracellular sector is subjected to water losses (clinical manifestations of dehydration in the child in this case are absent). If the pathological process continues, the intercellular subsector of the extracellular sector loses water, and then the patient first presents clinical symptoms: loss of body weight, dryness and brightness of the mucous membranes, reduction of subcutaneous fiber turgor, shrinkage of the mole in children of the first year of life, reduction of diuresis. Last of all, the intracellular sector loses its volume. Depending on the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid, isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic dehydration are isolated. The most difficult in children is hypotonic dehydration, which is accompanied by a low osmolarity of the extracellular sector with predominant losses of sodium from the body. A retrospective analysis of a clinical case illustrates water-electrolyte disturbances in hypotonic dehydration. The child developed extracellular hypotonic dehydration because of sodium and water loss through the gastrointestinal tract. Hypotonic dehydration is characterized by an extreme degree of dissonance of the water-electrolyte balance, that is, the patient has severe extracellular dehydration and intracellular hyperhydration (edema, cell swelling). In this clinical case, violations of the waterelectrolyte balance led to the development of cerebral edema against the background of the existing cerebral deficiency, and death

Importance of hypertension in the formation of structural and functional changes in the brachiocephalic vessels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Aim. То study the effects of arterial hypertension (AH) on blood flow velocity indices and design parameters in brachiocephalic arteries of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and methods. Examined 2 groups of RA patients: without hypertension — 34 people (I group) and AH - 31 persons (II group). In Group II more often had a 2 degree of hypertension. Laboratory studies included determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL) and low density (LDL). Doppler ultrasound of vessels - common, external and internal carotid, vertebral arteries in the extracranial segment was carried out in all RA patients on the unit «Diasonics Ultrasound» (USA). Results. In both groups there was no difference in the number of patients with elevated cholesterol. According to the ultrasound common carotid artery (CCA) in the area of bifurcation of the right side a significant thickening of the intima-media complex had patients of group II. In these patients, the presence of hypertension affects: decrease in diastolic blood flow velocity in the carotid artery on both sides; raising the index of resistive vessels in the internal and external carotid arteries; raising an index pulse in all the brachiocephalic vessels. Conclusions. The presence of hypertension in the examined RA patients affects the state of the vascular wall in the bifurcation of the right carotid artery and on indicators of the blood flow in all brachiocephalic vessels.Цель. Изучить влияние артериальной гипертонии (АГ) на скоростные показатели кровотока и расчётные параметры в брахиоцефальных артериях у больных ревматоидным артритом (РА). Материал и методы. Обследовано 2 группы больных РА- без АГ - 34 человек (I группа) и с АГ - 31 человек (II группа). У больных II группы чаще имелась 2 степень АГ. Лабораторные исследования включали определение содержание общего холестерина (ОХС), триглицеридов (ТГ), холестерина липопротеинов высокой (ХС ЛПВП) и низкой плотности (ХС ЛПНП). Ультразвуковая допплерография сосудов - общих, наружных и внутренних сонных, позвоночных артерий в экстракраниальном отделе проводилась у всех больных РА на аппарате «Diasonics Ultrasound» (118А).Результаты. В обеих группах не было различий по количеству больных, имеющих повышенное содержание холестерина в крови. По данным УЗИ общих сонных артерий (ОСА) в зоне бифуркации с правой стороны достоверное утолщение комплекса интима-медиа имели больные II группы. У этих больных наличие АГ влияло на: снижение диастолической скорости кровотока в ОСА с обеих сторон; повышение индекса резистивности сосуда во внутренних и наружных сонных артериях: повышение пульсового индекса во всех брахиоцефальных сосудах. Выводы. Наличие АГ у обследованных больных РА влияло на состояние сосудистой стенки в бифуркации правой ОСА, а также на показатели кровотока во всех БЦА

Нарушение метилирования ДНК при злокачественных новообразованиях

DNA methylation is a chromatin modification that plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Changes in DNA methylation patterns are characteristic of many malignant neoplasms. DNA methylation is occurred by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), while demethylation is mediated by TET family proteins. Mutations and changes in the expression profile of these enzymes lead to DNA hypo- and hypermethylation and have a strong impact on carcinogenesis. In this review, we considered the key aspects of the mechanisms of regulation of DNA methylation and demethylation, and also analyzed the role of DNA methyltransferases and TET family proteins in the pathogenesis of various malignant neoplasms.During the preparation of the review, we used the following biomedical literature information bases: Scopus (504), PubMed (553), Web of Science (1568), eLibrary (190). To obtain full-text documents, the electronic resources of PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Research Gate, CyberLeninka were used. To analyze the mutational profile of epigenetic regulatory enzymes, we used the cBioportal portal (https://www.cbioportal.org / ), data from The AACR Project GENIE Consortium (https://www.mycancergenome.org / ), COSMIC, Clinvar, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Метилирование ДНК представляет собой модификацию хроматина, которая играет важную роль в эпигенетической регуляции экспрессии генов. Изменение паттернов метилирования ДНК характерно для многих злокачественных новообразований. Метилирование ДНК осуществляется ДНК-метилтрансферазами (DNMTs), в то время как деметилирование происходит под действием метилцитозиновых диоксигеназ, или белков семейства TET. Мутации и изменение профиля экспрессии данных ферментов, приводящие к гипо- и гиперметилированию ДНК, могут оказывать сильное влияние на канцерогенез.В обзоре рассмотрены ключевые аспекты механизмов регуляции метилирования и деметилирования ДНК, а также проведен анализ роли ДНК-метилтрансфераз и белков семейства ТЕТ в патогенезе различных злокачественных новообразований.При подготовке обзора были использованы информационные базы биомедицинской литературы Scopus (504), PubMed (553), Web of Science (1568), eLibrary (190), для получения полнотекстовых документов – электронные ресурсы PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Research Gate, КиберЛенинка, для анализа мутационного профиля эпигенетических регуляторных ферментов – портал cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org / ), данные проекта The AACR Project GENIE Consortium (https://www.mycancergenome.org / ), базы данных COSMIC, Clinvar и Атласа генома рака (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA)

РАННЯЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА АТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗА СОННЫХ АРТЕРИЙ У БОЛЬНЫХ РЕВМАТОИДНЫМ АРТРИТОМ

Aim — to estimate informing of different risk factors predisposing to development of carotid atherosclerosis and possibility of its prognostication in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Materials and methods. 100 patients with RA were examined. Age of patients was 53.4 ± 10.1 years. Clinical examination included conventional methods of research in rheumatology. Doppler ultrasound was carried of the brachiocephalic vessels.Results. The degree of severity of atherosclerotic changes in carotid arteries varied among different patients and more occurs in the elderly,with higher activity and severity of the process. Vascular lesions often are identified using instrumental methods than manifested clinically.Conclusion. Atherosclerosis of varying severity was observed in 80 % of RA patients. Changes in them do not depend on gender, duration of RA. There were a significant increase of the age, increased activity of the process and the index of severity.</p

Training of chemistry teachers for sustainable development

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Proposed and piloted teacher training plan containing elements of the concept of sustainable development. teacher training plan includes the development of general and specialized courses in chemical disciplines, organization of activities, taking into account the principles of Green Chemistry

State of health of children who are being the state children's establishments (according to the Astrakhan area)

On the basis of federal and regional normative documents Prophylactic medical examination of children concerning to a category children-orphans and children who have remained without care of parents is lead. The analysis of a state of health of children who are being 3 specialized Children's homes, on results of prophylactic medical examination 2007-2008 гг. is lead. It is established, that leading place illnesses of nervous system and borrow congenital anomalies. The basic diseases which have become by the reason of physical inability - illnesses of nervous system, congenital defects, mental frustration and frustration of behaviour

Professional thinking formation features of prospective natural science teachers relying on the competence-based approach

© 2015, Review of European Studies. All right reserved. This paper experimentally proved and implemented a specific approach to designing a control system for formation and development of professionally oriented thinking of students-future teachers of physics, chemistry and biology. Specific methods for regulating the control and self-control of the progress of its development have been proposed, developed in the logic of the educational process in a pedagogical higher school and directed to achievement of educational goals. The primary means of forming professionally oriented thinking in the unity of its procedural, substantive and operational components is to optimize the educational process of higher school through the implementation of the objectives arising from the peculiarities of professional thinking of a teacher. The contents of this article are of value to teachers of physics, chemistry and biology, as well as to future teachers

Professional thinking formation features of prospective natural science teachers relying on the competence-based approach

© 2015, Review of European Studies. All right reserved. This paper experimentally proved and implemented a specific approach to designing a control system for formation and development of professionally oriented thinking of students-future teachers of physics, chemistry and biology. Specific methods for regulating the control and self-control of the progress of its development have been proposed, developed in the logic of the educational process in a pedagogical higher school and directed to achievement of educational goals. The primary means of forming professionally oriented thinking in the unity of its procedural, substantive and operational components is to optimize the educational process of higher school through the implementation of the objectives arising from the peculiarities of professional thinking of a teacher. The contents of this article are of value to teachers of physics, chemistry and biology, as well as to future teachers

Monts du Mandara, femme Kindi / Philippe Joudiou

© 2015, Review of European Studies. All right reserved. This paper experimentally proved and implemented a specific approach to designing a control system for formation and development of professionally oriented thinking of students-future teachers of physics, chemistry and biology. Specific methods for regulating the control and self-control of the progress of its development have been proposed, developed in the logic of the educational process in a pedagogical higher school and directed to achievement of educational goals. The primary means of forming professionally oriented thinking in the unity of its procedural, substantive and operational components is to optimize the educational process of higher school through the implementation of the objectives arising from the peculiarities of professional thinking of a teacher. The contents of this article are of value to teachers of physics, chemistry and biology, as well as to future teachers