Право територіальної громади села щодо розпорядження землею: юридична природа та порядок здійснення

В статье исследуются вопросы правовой природы и механизм реализации территориальной общиной села права коммунальной собственности на землю, соотношения прав территориальной общины села и представительского органа местного самоуправления - сельского совета, относительно осуществления прав на распоряжение землей. Анализируется правосубъектность территориальной общины села относительно распоряжения землей коммунальной собственности. Ключевые слова: коммунальная собственность на землю, право территориальной общины села на землю, распоряжение землями в пределах населенных пунктов, разграничение земель, прекращения права коммунальной собственности на землю.In the article are explored the questions of legal nature and mechanism of realization territorial society communal ownership rights on land, correlations of rights for territorial society of village and representative organ of local self-government - village soviet, in relation to realization of rights to disposing of land. Rights of territorial society is analysed sat down in relation to disposing of land of community property. Key words: community property on the land, right of village territorial society on the land, disposing of land in settlements, differentiating of land, stopping right of community property on the land

Microscopic theory of vortex dynamics in homogeneous superconductors

Vortex dynamics in fermionic superfluids is carefully considered from the microscopic point of view. Finite temperatures, as well as impurities, are explicitly incorporated. To enable readers understand the physical implications, macroscopic demonstrations based on thermodynamics and fluctuations- dissipation theorems are constructed. For the first time a clear summary and a critical review of previous results are given.Comment: Presentations are made more straightforward. A detailed presentation that why the vortex friction is finite when the geometric phase exists, as required by referees, though I think it is obviou

A 3D Cu‐Naphthalene‐Phosphonate Metal–Organic Framework with Ultra‐High Electrical Conductivity

A conductive phosphonate metal–organic framework (MOF), [{Cu(H2O)}(2,6‐NDPA)0.5] (NDPA = naphthalenediphosphonic acid), which contains a 2D inorganic building unit (IBU) comprised of a continuous edge‐sharing sheet of copper phosphonate polyhedra is reported. The 2D IBUs are connected to each other via polyaromatic 2,6‐NDPA's, forming a 3D pillared‐layered MOF structure. This MOF, known as TUB40, has a narrow band gap of 1.42 eV, a record high average electrical conductance of 2 × 102 S m−1 at room temperature based on single‐crystal conductivity measurements, and an electrical conductance of 142 S m−1 based on a pellet measurement. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the conductivity is due to an excitation from the highest occupied molecular orbital on the naphthalene‐building unit to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital on the copper atoms. Temperature‐dependent magnetization measurements show that the copper atoms are antiferromagnetically coupled at very low temperatures, which is also confirmed by the DFT calculations. Due to its high conductance and thermal/chemical stability, TUB40 may prove useful as an electrode material in supercapacitors

Enhancement of tunneling from a correlated 2D electron system by a many-electron Mossbauer-type recoil in a magnetic field

We consider the effect of electron correlations on tunneling from a 2D electron layer in a magnetic field parallel to the layer. A tunneling electron can exchange its momentum with other electrons, which leads to an exponential increase of the tunneling rate compared to the single-electron approximation. Explicit results are obtained for a Wigner crystal. They provide a qualitative and quantitative explanation of the data on electrons on helium. We also discuss tunneling in semiconductor heterostructures.Comment: published version, 4 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX 3.

CO-PILOT: COllaborative Planning and reInforcement Learning On sub-Task curriculum

Goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) usually suffers from sparse reward and inefficient exploration in long-horizon tasks. Planning can find the shortest path to a distant goal that provides dense reward/guidance but is inaccurate without a precise environment model. We show that RL and planning can collaboratively learn from each other to overcome their own drawbacks. In “CO-PILOT”, a learnable path-planner and an RL agent produce dense feedback to train each other on a curriculum of tree-structured sub-tasks. Firstly, the planner recursively decomposes a long-horizon task to a tree of sub-tasks in a top-down manner, whose layers construct coarse-to-fine sub-task sequences as plans to complete the original task. The planning policy is trained to minimize the RL agent’s cost of completing the sequence in each layer from top to bottom layers, which gradually increases the sub-tasks and thus forms an easy-to-hard curriculum for the planner. Next, a bottom-up traversal of the tree trains the RL agent from easier sub-tasks with denser rewards on bottom layers to harder ones on top layers and collects its cost on each sub-task train the planner in the next episode. CO-PILOT repeats this mutual training for multiple episodes before switching to a new task, so the RL agent and planner are fully optimized to facilitate each other’s training. We compare CO-PILOT with RL (SAC, HER, PPO), planning (RRT*, NEXT, SGT), and their combination (SoRB) on navigation and continuous control tasks. CO-PILOT significantly improves the success rate and sample efficiency. Our code is available at https://github.com/Shuang-AO/CO-PILOT

Temperature- and thickness-dependent elastic moduli of polymer thin films

The mechanical properties of polymer ultrathin films are usually different from those of their counterparts in bulk. Understanding the effect of thickness on the mechanical properties of these films is crucial for their applications. However, it is a great challenge to measure their elastic modulus experimentally with in situ heating. In this study, a thermodynamic model for temperature- (T) and thickness (h)-dependent elastic moduli of polymer thin films Ef(T,h) is developed with verification by the reported experimental data on polystyrene (PS) thin films. For the PS thin films on a passivated substrate, Ef(T,h) decreases with the decreasing film thickness, when h is less than 60 nm at ambient temperature. However, the onset thickness (h*), at which thickness Ef(T,h) deviates from the bulk value, can be modulated by T. h* becomes larger at higher T because of the depression of the quenching depth, which determines the thickness of the surface layer δ

Edge Tunneling of Vortices in Superconducting Thin Films

We investigate the phenomenon of the decay of a supercurrent due to the zero-temperature quantum tunneling of vortices from the edge in a thin superconducting film in the absence of an external magnetic field. An explicit formula is derived for the tunneling rate of vortices, which are subject to the Magnus force induced by the supercurrent, through the Coulomb-like potential barrier binding them to the film's edge. Our approach ensues from the non-relativistic version of a Schwinger-type calculation for the decay of the 2D vacuum previously employed for describing vortex-antivortex pair-nucleation in the bulk of the sample. In the dissipation-dominated limit, our explicit edge-tunneling formula yields numerical estimates which are compared with those obtained for bulk-nucleation to show that both mechanisms are possible for the decay of a supercurrent.Comment: REVTeX file, 15 pages, 1 Postscript figure; to appear in Phys.Rev.

CO-PILOT: COllaborative Planning and reInforcement Learning On sub-Task curriculum

Goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) usually suffers from sparse reward and inefficient exploration in long-horizon tasks. Planning can find the shortest path to a distant goal that provides dense reward/guidance but is inaccurate without a precise environment model. We show that RL and planning can collaboratively learn from each other to overcome their own drawbacks. In ''CO-PILOT'', a learnable path-planner and an RL agent produce dense feedback to train each other on a curriculum of tree-structured sub-tasks. Firstly, the planner recursively decomposes a long-horizon task to a tree of sub-tasks in a top-down manner, whose layers construct coarse-to-fine sub-task sequences as plans to complete the original task. The planning policy is trained to minimize the RL agent's cost of completing the sequence in each layer from top to bottom layers, which gradually increases the sub-tasks and thus forms an easy-to-hard curriculum for the planner. Next, a bottom-up traversal of the tree trains the RL agent from easier sub-tasks with denser rewards on bottom layers to harder ones on top layers and collects its cost on each sub-task train the planner in the next episode. CO-PILOT repeats this mutual training for multiple episodes before switching to a new task, so the RL agent and planner are fully optimized to facilitate each other's training. We compare CO-PILOT with RL (SAC, HER, PPO), planning (RRT*, NEXT, SGT), and their combination (SoRB) on navigation and continuous control tasks. CO-PILOT significantly improves the success rate and sample efficiency

Dynamical Vortices in Superfluid Films

The coupling of vortices to phonons in a superfluid is a gauge coupling dictated by topology. The density and current response to a moving vortex are computed and contrasted with the standard backflow picture. Exploiting the analogy to (2+1)-dimensional electrodynamics, we compute the effective vortex mass $M(\omega)$ and find it to be logarithmically divergent in the low frequency limit, leading to a super-Ohmic dissipation in response to an oscillating superflow. Numerical integration of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation supports these conclusions. Interaction of vortices and impurities is also discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

Tunneling transverse to a magnetic field, and how it occurs in correlated 2D electron systems

We investigate tunneling decay in a magnetic field. Because of broken time-reversal symmetry, the standard WKB technique does not apply. The decay rate and the outcoming wave packet are found from the analysis of the set of the particle Hamiltonian trajectories and its singularities in complex space. The results are applied to tunneling from a strongly correlated 2D electron system in a magnetic field parallel to the layer. We show in a simple model that electron correlations exponentially strongly affect the tunneling rate.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure