Article 175 of Turkish Civil Code, No. 4721: Assessment of Debate on the Duration of the Poverty Alimony

Even after the dissolution of marriage, as a reflection of solidarity obligation, Turkish law grants the party who will fall into poverty due to divorce the right to request alimony from the other spouse. Article 175 of Turkish Civil Code (TCC), no. 4721, titled “poverty alimony,” states that the party “may request alimony indefinitely”. It is the phrase indefinitely that has led to heavy discussions. The constitutionality of this provision was also challenged before the Turkish Constitutional Court, and in 2012, the Court had declared that the phrase indefinitely is not unconstitutional. Still, the debate on the duration of the poverty alimony is on the agenda. Even though Article 175 TCC grants the right to request poverty alimony to both of the spouses, without making any distinction in terms of male or female, this alimony is generally granted to women who are de facto at home and are economically weaker. The debate results from the situation of unemployed married women who suffer economically after the divorce. This study aims to examine poverty alimony under Turkish law with respect to its duration, evaluate the different doctrinal opinions in the literature, and, as a proposed solution, present an alternative way to interpret Article 175 TCC

Ocean current connectivity propelling the secondary spread of a marine invasive comb jelly across western Eurasia

Aim: Invasive species are of increasing global concern. Nevertheless, the mechanisms driving furtherdistribution after the initial establishment of non-native species remain largely unresolved, especiallyin marine systems. Ocean currents can be a major driver governing range occupancy, but this hasnot been accounted for in most invasion ecology studies so far. We investigate how well initialestablishment areas are interconnected to later occupancy regions to test for the potential role ofocean currents driving secondary spread dynamics in order to infer invasion corridors and thesource–sink dynamics of a non-native holoplanktonic biological probe species on a continental scale.Location: Western Eurasia.Time period: 1980s–2016.Major taxa studied: ‘Comb jelly’ Mnemiopsis leidyi.Methods: Based on 12,400 geo-referenced occurrence data, we reconstruct the invasion historyof M. leidyi in western Eurasia. We model ocean currents and calculate their stability to match thetemporal and spatial spread dynamics with large-scale connectivity patterns via ocean currents.Additionally, genetic markers are used to test the predicted connectivity between subpopulations.Results: Ocean currents can explain secondary spread dynamics, matching observed range expansionsand the timing of first occurrence of our holoplanktonic non-native biological probe species,leading to invasion corridors in western Eurasia. In northern Europe, regional extinctions after coldwinters were followed by rapid recolonizations at a speed of up to 2,000 km per season. SourceJASPERS ET AL. | 815areas hosting year-round populations in highly interconnected regions can re-seed genotypes overlarge distances after local extinctions.Main conclusions: Although the release of ballast water from container ships may contribute tothe dispersal of non-native species, our results highlight the importance of ocean currents drivingsecondary spread dynamics. Highly interconnected areas hosting invasive species are crucial forsecondary spread dynamics on a continental scale. Invasion risk assessments should considerlarge-scale connectivity patterns and the potential source regions of non-native marine species

THE EFFECTS OF CETIRIZINE ON PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

In this study, the effects of cetirizine, a second generation H-1-receptor antagonist, on psychomotor functions were assessed by using subjective and objective psychometric tests and the results were compared to those obtained with placebo and the positive control pheniramine. 10 healthy volunteers orally received placebo, cetirizine (10 mg) and pheniramine (25 mg) in single doses according to a double blind, Latin square design. Subjective effects and performance were evaluated by means of visual analog scales, digit symbol substitution test, number connection test, letter cancellation test, Stroop test and pursuit rotor test. According to the results, the subjects felt themselves more lethargic and muzzy after placebo and pheniramine whereas cetirizine caused excitement. Objective tests revealed that compared to baseline cetirizine significantly impaired performance in Stroop test-2 and the pursuit rotor test, whereas pheniramine led to decrements in all objective tests. When the impairments in psychomotor performance observed after cetirizine were compared to placebo no distinction could be made between cetirizine and placebo. In summary, we concluded that cetirizine, a second generation antihistaminic agent, has no demonstrable effect on psychomotor performance at recommended therapeutic dose in young subjects

Seismic stratigraphy of Late Quaternary sediments of western Mersin Bay shelf, (NE Mediterranean Sea)

High-resolution shallow seismic-reflection profiles obtained from the western Mersin Bay have revealed the existence of the two distinct depositional sequences (C and B) lying on a narrow and relatively steeply-sloping continental shelf which mainly receives its sediments from the ephemeral rivers. The upper Holocene sedimentary sequence (C) is characterized by stratified (simple to complex) to chaotic reflection configurations produced by the development of a prograding wedge of terrigenous sediment. Particular occurrences of slope- and front-fill facies and the lack of a sharp boundary, which has, however, been observed on the western shelf of this bay, between the Early Holocene and latest Pleistocene deposits are related to possible movement of underlying deposits due to local gravity mass movements or synsedimentary tectonics due to adjustment of the underlying evaporites in adjacent basin. The maximum thickness of the topmost sequence C is associated with the Tarsus-Seyhan delta, which lies to the northeast of the area and is prograding along the shelf Other variations in thickness (5-40 m) of this topmost sequence are related to the variable sediment discharge along the coast, and the distance from the coast. It is at a maximum (40 m) in the nearshore area just west of the Lamas river mouth and at a minimum (5-15 m) in the offshore area

Effects of atorvastatin on talinolol absorption: A potential drug-drug interaction.

In this study, we aimed to determine the drug-drug interaction potential between atorvastatin (ATOR), and talinolol (TAL). Concentration-dependent effects of ATOR on the intestinal permeability of TAL were investigated by an in situ intestinal perfusion method. Dose-dependent effects of ATOR on TAL exposure were evaluated by measuring plasma concentrations after oral administration in rats. ATOR slightly changed the intestinal secretion of TAL in jejunum but not in colon. Plasma AUC levels of TAL were elevated by co-administration of ATOR at low and high doses whereas medium doses of ATOR resulted in a decrease in TAL bioavailability. However, these changes were not statistically significant. In our study, the pharmacokinetics of TAL were not affected by the concurrent use of ATOR in rats. In conclusion, it should be considered that complex interplay between the efflux and uptake transporters in the tissues and inhibition of these transporters by modulating agents may overshadow individual effects of each other