168 research outputs found
A Case-Control Study of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome during an Outbreak in the Southwestern United States
In May 1993, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome( HPS) occurred in the south-western United States. A case-control study determined risk factors for HPS. Seventeen case-patients were compared with 3 groups of controls: members of case-patient households( household controls), members of neighboring households( near controls), and members of randomly selected households ā„ 24 km away ( far controls). Investigators trapped more small rodents at case households than at near ( P = .03) or far control households( P = .02). After the number of small rodents was controlled for,case-patients were more likely than household controls to hand plow (odds ratio [OR], 12.3; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 1.1-143.0) or to clean feed storage areas (OR, 33.4; 95% CI, 1.7-666.0). Case-patients were more likely than near controls to plant( OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.1-34.0) and more likely than far controls to clean animal sheds( OR, 11.9;95% CI, 1.4-103.0). Peridomestic cleaning, agricultural activities, and an increased number of small rodents at the household were associated with HPS
A Case-Control Study of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome during an Outbreak in the Southwestern United States
In May 1993, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome( HPS) occurred in the south-western United States. A case-control study determined risk factors for HPS. Seventeen case-patients were compared with 3 groups of controls: members of case-patient households( household controls), members of neighboring households( near controls), and members of randomly selected households ā„ 24 km away ( far controls). Investigators trapped more small rodents at case households than at near ( P = .03) or far control households( P = .02). After the number of small rodents was controlled for,case-patients were more likely than household controls to hand plow (odds ratio [OR], 12.3; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 1.1-143.0) or to clean feed storage areas (OR, 33.4; 95% CI, 1.7-666.0). Case-patients were more likely than near controls to plant( OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.1-34.0) and more likely than far controls to clean animal sheds( OR, 11.9;95% CI, 1.4-103.0). Peridomestic cleaning, agricultural activities, and an increased number of small rodents at the household were associated with HPS
Serologic and Genetic Identification of Peromyscus maniculatus as the Primary Rodent Reservoir for a New Hantavirus in the Southwestern United States
Differential Requirements for Clathrin-dependent Endocytosis at Sites of CellāSubstrate Adhesion
Little is known about the influences of cellāsubstrate attachment in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We find that cellāsubstrate adhesion reduces the rate of endocytosis. In addition, we demonstrate that actin assembly is differentially required for efficient endocytosis, with a stronger requirement for actin dynamics at sites of adhesion
Evidence That Two ATP-Dependent (Lon) Proteases in Borrelia burgdorferi Serve Different Functions
The canonical ATP-dependent protease Lon participates in an assortment of biological processes in bacteria, including the catalysis of damaged or senescent proteins and short-lived regulatory proteins. Borrelia spirochetes are unusual in that they code for two putative ATP-dependent Lon homologs, Lon-1 and Lon-2. Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is transmitted through the blood feeding of Ixodes ticks. Previous work in our laboratory reported that B. burgdorferi lon-1 is upregulated transcriptionally by exposure to blood in vitro, while lon-2 is not. Because blood induction of Lon-1 may be of importance in the regulation of virulence factors critical for spirochete transmission, the clarification of functional roles for these two proteases in B. burgdorferi was the object of this study. On the chromosome, lon-2 is immediately downstream of ATP-dependent proteases clpP and clpX, an arrangement identical to that of lon of Escherichia coli. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Lon-1 and Lon-2 cluster separately due to differences in the NH2-terminal substrate binding domains that may reflect differences in substrate specificity. Recombinant Lon-1 manifested properties of an ATP-dependent chaperone-protease in vitro but did not complement an E. coli Lon mutant, while Lon-2 corrected two characteristic Lon-mutant phenotypes. We conclude that B. burgdorferi Lons -1 and -2 have distinct functional roles. Lon-2 functions in a manner consistent with canonical Lon, engaged in cellular homeostasis. Lon-1, by virtue of its blood induction, and as a unique feature of the Borreliae, may be important in host adaptation from the arthropod to a warm-blooded host
Cell cycle control, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis-related pathways control pre-ameloblasts differentiation during tooth development
A search for new physics in low-energy electron recoils from the first LZ exposure
The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a
dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. We report searches for new physics
appearing through few-keV-scale electron recoils, using the experiment's first
exposure of 60 live days and a fiducial mass of 5.5t. The data are found to be
consistent with a background-only hypothesis, and limits are set on models for
new physics including solar axion electron coupling, solar neutrino magnetic
moment and millicharge, and electron couplings to galactic axion-like particles
and hidden photons. Similar limits are set on weakly interacting massive
particle (WIMP) dark matter producing signals through ionized atomic states
from the Migdal effect.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures. See https://tinyurl.com/LZDataReleaseRun1ER for
a data release related to this pape
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