On the spatial structure of the Perseids meteor stream

The analysis of radar observations of the Perseid meteor stream conducted in an ionospherical laboratory in the period from 1964 to 1981 is presented. The Perseids meteor rates were determined by the fluctuation method. Analysis of their hourly distributions showed that the stream maximum position is different for different years, i.e., the stream nodal position is constantly changing. The results of the analysis are presented and discussed

Yield components in new pear cultivars and breeding forms in the Middle Urals

Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station specializes in the development of fruit and berry cultivars for the Middle Urals. One of its tasks is pear breeding for high winter-hardiness, high yield, and good fruit quality. Ten new pear cultivars and improved forms of local breeding were selected as the material for this study versus the reference cultivars ‘Talitsa’, ripening in summer, and ‘Berezhenaya’, ripening in late autumn. Observations were conducted across the decade of 2009–2019. The cultivars ‘Letnyaya zolotistaya’, ‘Chusovaya’, ‘Berezhenaya’ (ref.), ‘Sultan’, and breeding form DL-33-307 were found to possess resistance of flowers to late spring frosts. Cvs. ‘Letnyaya zolotistaya’, ‘Berezhenaya’ (ref.) and ‘Sultan’ were early-fruiting; cvs. ‘Talitsa’ (ref.) and ‘Chusovaya’, breeding forms ZS-IV-5-11, DL-33-307, DL-II-31n-207, ZS-II-15-18 and ZS-IV-5-19 were mid-fruiting; breeding form ZS-IV-15-38, late-fruiting. An early onset of full fructification at the age of 10–11 years or more, combined with high yield at the same age, was observed in cvs. ‘Berezhenaya’ (ref.), ‘Sultan’, ‘Letnyaya zolotistaya’, and breeding form ZS-II-15-18. New cultivars ‘Letnyaya zolotistaya’ and ‘Sultan’ were highlighted for a combination of valuable traits: earliness, high yield, and high growth rates in the plantlet stage. Cv. ‘Letnyaya zolotistaya’ had attractive good-tasting fruits, weighing 76 g, ripening in summer. Cv. ‘Sultan’ yielded nicelooking and good-tasting fruits, weighing 129 g, ripening in winter. Cv. ‘Chusovaya’ was identified for its nice-looking fruits with a very good taste

Nomenclatural standards of pear varieties bred by Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station

As part of the research there have been developed and published nomenclatural standards of 12 pear varieties bred by Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station: Berezhenaya (WIR-101392), Gvidon (WIR-101393), Dobryanka (WIR-101394), Zarechnaya (WIR-101395), Permyachka (WIR-101397), Raduzhnaya (WIR-101398), Rozovyy Bochonok (WIR-101399), Sverdlovchanka (WIR-101400), Sultan (WIR-101402), Talitsa (WIR-101404), Fleyta (WIR-101405), Chusovaya (WIR-103944). Plant material for nomenclatural standards was selected in the collection of the originator organization with the participation of the creators of these varieties. The herbarium sample of the nomenclature standard of each cultivar is represented mainly by two herbarium sheets containing parts of one plant collected during two periods: fruit and annual shoots ‒ in the fall 2019, flowers ‒ in the spring 2020. The herbarium label indicates: the herbarium number of the sample in the VIR Herbarium, the scientific name of the species, the name of the variety, the origin (the name of the organization in which the variety was created), the place of reproduction (where the plant was grown), the harvest dates, the names of collectors. Herbarium sheets are supplemented with photos of fruits and flowers. Nomenclatural standards are made in accordance with the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), registered in the database "VIR Herbarium" and included in the type collection of Herbarium of cultivated plants of the world, their wild relatives and weeds (WIR). According to the same rules, herbarium samples of 3 elite pear forms (Limonadnaya, Sretenskaya, Tais) were made, registered and included into the Main Fund of the VIR Herbarium. After registration of copyright documents for cultivars, these samples can be assigned as nomenclatural standards. In total, 27 samples in the amount of 27 herbarium sheets were transferred to the herbarium collection. A digital image of herbarium specimen is available in the database «VIR Herbarium» (http://db.vir.nw.ru/herbar/gerb)

‘Tais’: a new pear cultivar for the Middle Urals

Expanding the assortment through the development of new highly adaptable cultivars is the main task of pear breeding in the Middle Urals. The most significant agronomic traits are winter hardiness, high fruit yield, and good fruit quality. The zoned pear assortment for the Middle Urals includes six cultivars. Six more cultivars now undergo the State Variety Trials. One of them is the new pear cultivar ‘Tais’ (breeding number DL-33-104), the result of crossing Dyuymovochka × Zhanna d’Ark. Cv. ‘Tais’ has been in variety studies at Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station (Yekaterinburg) since 2006. The new cultivar is characterized by good winter hardiness and productivity. The average yield at the age of 10–14 years is 9.42 tons per hectare, while the maximum yield is 19.81 t/ha. Fruits are yellow, with a good sweet taste, weighing 94 g. The content of dry matter is 11.9%, sugars 9.0%, and titratable acids 0.4%. According to the results of long-term research, the new pear cultivar ‘Tais’ was submitted to the State Variety Trials in 2017

ПАССАЖИРСКИЙ ВАГОН ПЛАВНО ПРОШЕЛ СВОЙ ПУТЬ

This article continues the theme of passenger car building (see Mir Transporta [World of Transport and Transportation] Journal, 2006, Iss.2 and Iss.3 [4]). It provides a retrospective analysis (1865–2000) of ways of improvement of bogies, describes major historical and technical stages and types of modernization, outlines the story of creation of devices to ensure the movement smoothness of bogies. The representatives of scientific schools are named, who were involved in the development of units of nonautomatic coupler without side buffers, as well as of two-axle bogies with single and triple suspension. A special role is given to the participation of employees of MIIT in the justification of rational installation angle of inclined hydraulic dampers in the central spring suspension, replacing the wedge friction dampers in the pedestal level with rubber gaskets.Статья продолжает тему пассажирского вагоностроения (см. «МТ», 2006, № 2). Даются ретроспективный анализ (1865–2000 гг.) направлений совершенствования тележек вагонов, основные этапы и виды их модернизации, история создания устройств обеспечения плавности хода тележек. Названы представители научных школ, занимавшихся разработкой конструкций неавтоматической сцепки без боковых буферов, двухосных тележек с одинарным и тройным подвешиванием. Особая роль отведена участию сотрудников МИИТ в обосновании рационального угла установки наклонных гидравлических гасителей колебаний в центральном рессорном подвешивании, замене клиновых фрикционных гасителей в буксовой ступени резиновыми прокладками

Extended axion electrodynamics: Optical activity induced by nonstationary dark matter

We establish a new self-consistent Einstein-Maxwell-axion model based on the Lagrangian, which is linear in the pseudoscalar (axion) field and its four-gradient and includes the four-vector of macroscopic velocity of the axion system as a whole. We consider extended equations of the axion electrodynamics, modified gravity field equations, and discuss nonstationary effects in the phenomenon of optical activity induced by axions.Comment: 6 pages, 0 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal Gravitation and Cosmology, reported at the 14th Russian Gravitational Conference (Ulyanovsk, 2011

Sverdlovchanin: a new apple cultivar for the Middle Urals

The Middle Urals is a region of risky agriculture. Apple cultivars of more southern origin are usually unpromising due to insufficient level of hardiness, so there is a need to develop and deploy local apple-tree cultivars. The staff of Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station released a new apple cultivar, ‘Sverdlovchanin’. This cultivar is notable for high winter hardiness, productivity (average yield is ca. 18.0 t/ha), and low fruit shedding rate at harvest maturity. Its fruits are beautiful, uniform, yellow, roundish, weighing 110 g (maximum 205 g), with a very good sweet and sour dessert flavor. The ripening time under the conditions of the Middle Urals is usually late September, and fruits can be stored until the end of February. The author of this cultivar is L. A. Kotov The apple cultivar ‘Sverdlovchanin’ was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation in 2018

Cytoprotective effect of fullerene C<inf>60</inf> derivatives with different structures

Transmembrane potential of mitochondria is a sensitive biomarker of metabolic activity of cells. Here, we studied mitochondrial potential Ψm in Yarrowia lipolytica yeast cells treated with two fullerene C60 derivatives: bis-nitroxide methanofullerene and 3-phospho-pentafullerene acid. Transmembrane mitochondrial potential was measured by vital ratiometric cationic fluorochrome JC-1 using flow cytometry. The fullerene C60 derivatives tested in a concentration of 10 μg/ml developed cytoprotective effect in the yeast cells challenged either with non-ionic detergent tween-80, or Tris-buffer, pH 9.0. Treatment with bis-nitroxide methanofullerene resulted in a 6-fold increase in proportion of cells with high Ψm, while 3-phospho-pentafullerene acid evoked a 1,5-fold increase in this subset compared to the stressed cells. Hence, both fullerene derivatives counteract Ψm dissipation in challenged cells