Character of superposed states under deterministic LOCC

In this paper we investigate the effect of superposition of states on local conversion of pure bipartite states under deterministic LOCC. We are able to form a bridge between comparable and incomparable classes of states through the linear superposition of states. For example, if we consider two pairs of incomparable states, then their superposition may result into a comparable pair of states. We investigate many such cases and provide some of the results in tabular form. We also investigate the entanglement behavior of such classes of states, specifically their monotone nature. Finally we provide some bounds of different measures of entanglement based on the idea of comparability and incomparability under deterministic LOCC.Comment: 9 pages, pdflatex, no figure, to appear in the journal Quantum Information Processin

Effectiveness of counseling for anxiety and depression in mothers of children ages 0-30 months by community workers in Karachi, Pakistan: a quasi experimental study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The prevalence of anxiety/depression is quite high during the perinatal period but unfortunately its detection and treatment have been less than satisfactory. Moreover, many women are reluctant to take pharmacotherapy for fear of excretion of drugs into their breast milk. This study assesses the effectiveness of counseling from minimally trained community health workers in reducing anxiety/depression, the rate of recurrence and the interval preceding recurrence in women during first two and a half years after childbirth.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In a quasi-experimental study, community women from two under-privileged communities were trained in data gathering, teaching healthy child-rearing practices, basic counseling skills, and screening for anxiety/depression by using an indigenously developed questionnaire, the Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale (AKUADS). The diagnosis was further confirmed by a clinical psychologist using DSM IV criteria. After obtaining consent, 420 women were screened and 102 were identified as having anxiety/depression. Screening was carried out after 1, 2, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months of a live birth. Only 62 out of 102 agreed to be counseled and received eight weekly sessions. AKUADS was re-administered at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the beginning of counseling; this was followed by the clinical psychologist's interview for confirmation of response. After recovery, screening was continued every 3 months for detection of recurrence throughout the study period. Out of the women who had declined counseling 12 agreed to retake AKUADS after 4 and 8 weeks of diagnosis. Independent samples t-test, chi-square test, Repeated Measures ANOVA and Kaplan Meier technique were used for the analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A significant decline in level of anxiety/depression was found in both the counseled and the non-counseled groups at 4 and 8 weeks (p-value < 0.001) but the counseled group fared better than the non-counseled for recovery, reduction in the rate of recurrence and increase in the duration before relapse.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>As our results cannot be generalized; further studies need to be carried out, to assess the benefit of incorporating minimal counseling skills in the training of community health workers.</p

The Cytosolic Domain of Fis1 Binds and Reversibly Clusters Lipid Vesicles

Every lipid membrane fission event involves the association of two apposing bilayers, mediated by proteins that can promote membrane curvature, fusion and fission. We tested the hypothesis that Fis1, a tail-anchored protein involved in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission, promotes changes in membrane structure. We found that the cytosolic domain of Fis1 alone binds lipid vesicles, which is enhanced upon protonation and increasing concentrations of anionic phospholipids. Fluorescence and circular dichroism data indicate that the cytosolic domain undergoes a membrane-induced conformational change that buries two tryptophan side chains upon membrane binding. Light scattering and electron microscopy data show that membrane binding promotes lipid vesicle clustering. Remarkably, this vesicle clustering is reversible and vesicles largely retain their original shape and size. This raises the possibility that the Fis1 cytosolic domain might act in membrane fission by promoting a reversible membrane association, a necessary step in membrane fission

CO2CO_{2} LASER PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY OF SOME HAZARDOUS MOLECULES

Author Institution: Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University; Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University; Department of Physics, Burdwan UniversityLaser photoacoustic spectra of RDX, TNT, heroin, morphine and narcotine in the powder form and of methanol, ethanol and trichloroethylene in the varpor phase have been recorded in the 9.6 and $10.6 \mu$ m regions using a rotational line tunable $CO_{2}$ Iser. The persistent vibrational bands in RDX are observed at $1045, 941 cm^{-1}$ and those in TNT are at $978, 946 cm^{-1}$. The characterstic bands in heroin are at $976, 944 cm^{-1}$, in morphine at $973, 949 cm^{-1}$ and in the narcotine at 1043, 936 and $929 cm^{-1}$. Assignments of the vibrational bands in terms of normal modes have been made with the help of ab initio calculations of molecular geometries and the intramolecular force constants. In the case of vapor phase spectra, the rotational contours with two prominent peaks in methanol and ethanol are observed in the $9.6 \mu$ m region whereas trichloroethylene exhibits three peaks in its rotational contour in the $10.6 \mu$ m region

Total Electron Content Observations at Calcutta with Geostationary Satellite INTELSAT 2F2

207-211Observations on a geostationary satellite over the Indian subcontinent have been carried out at Haringhata Field Station of the University of Calcutta (geogr. lat., 22° 58'N, long., 88° 30'E; magnetic dip, 32°N) with the help of INTELSAT 2F2 transmitting at 136'44 MHz The Faraday fading data obtained during winter 1972-73 have been analyzed to determine electron content, slab thickness 2nd effect of magnetic activity on nighttime content at a location with sub-ionospheric latitude of 20oN and longitude 90oE. The diurnal curves of electron content during the winter months indicate a range of about 1: 12. A considerable day-to-day variability in the midday values as well as variability in the time of onset for the afternoon decay is observed. The rate of increase in electron content after sunrise is substantially constant at 1015 el. M-2 min-1 upto about 0930 hrs IST and shows an abrupt increase thereafter by nearly a factor of 3 when ionization from the equatorial region diffuses into the local ionosphere. The period under study was marked by several weak-to moderate magnetic storms, which induced high values of midnight content as large as 100% above the mean value