Effective generation of cat and kitten states

We present an effective method of coherent state superposition (cat state) generation using single trapped ion in a Paul trap. The method is experimentally feasible for coherent states with amplitude $\alpha \le 2$ using available technology. It works both in and beyond the Lamb-Dicke regime.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

Measuring photon anti-bunching from continuous variable sideband squeezing

We present a technique for measuring the second-order coherence function $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ of light using a Hanbury-Brown Twiss intensity interferometer modified for homodyne detection. The experiment was performed entirely in the continuous variable regime at the sideband frequency of a bright carrier field. We used the setup to characterize $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ for thermal and coherent states, and investigated its immunity to optical loss. We measured $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ of a displaced squeezed state, and found a best anti-bunching statistic of $g^{(2)}(0) = 0.11 \pm 0.18$.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Limit of recovery: How future evolution of ore grades could influence energy consumption and prices for Nickel, Cobalt, and PGMs

The unique properties of certain metals have made them indispensable in manufacturing advanced technological devices and for use in the green economy. However, these metals are not infinite, and the average ore grades in mines have been decreasing in recent decades. This study examines energy consumption as a function of ore grade decline for Nickel, Cobalt, and platinum group metals (PGMs), using simulations created with HSC Chemistry software. A limit of recovery (LOR) for each commodity was also defined. A comparative analysis of the evolution of ore grades, energy costs, and market prices was additionally carried out. According to the simulations, extracting nickel from sulfide ore tailings would be profitable if the price doubled. As for Cobalt, it would only be feasible if the market price increased considerably. For PGMs, even if the ore grade reached the LOR, it would still be profitable to recover them under certain circumstances explored in the paper

Relativistic Unruh-DeWitt detectors with quantized center of mass

In this paper, we extend the Unruh-DeWitt (UDW) model to include a relativistic quantized center of mass (COM) for the detector, which traditionally has a classical COM and follows a classical trajectory. We develop a relativistic model of the detector following two different approaches, starting from either a first- or second-quantized treatment, which enables us to compare the fundamental differences between the two schemes. In particular, we find that the notion of localization is different between the two models, and leads to distinct predictions which we study by comparing the spontaneous emission rates for the UDW detector interacting with a massless scalar field. Furthermore, we consider the UDW system in both a vacuum and medium, and compare our results to existing models describing a classical or quantized COM at low energies. We find that the predictions of each model, including the two relativistic cases, can in principle be empirically distinguished, and our results can be further extended to find optimal detector states and processes to perform such experiments. This would clarify both the role of a quantized COM for interactions with an external field, and the differing localizations between the first- and second-quantized treatments.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

The implication of personal selling strategies in motivation, approaches and good grooming

This study focuses on the use of strategies in motivation, approaches and good grooming in the personal selling of cosmetic products.The descriptive-purposive method of research was used; One Way Analysis of Variances statistic interpreted the correlates of personal selling strategies on motivation, approaches and good grooming.It showed that the use of strategies in motivation, approaches, and good grooming are significantly correlated.The questionnaire was validated to 12 respondents from consumers and sellers of cosmetics and floated to 140 respondents of four selected retail outlets that sell facial cosmetic products in Santiago City, Philippines.It is expected that the strategic personal selling model plan for effective salesmanship will be proposed

Anatomical Correlates to Nectar Feeding among the Strepsirrhines of Madagascar: Implications for Interpreting the Fossil Record

One possible ecological scenario for the origin of primates is the archaic pollination and coevolution hypothesis. Its proponents contend that the consumption of nectar by some early primates and the resulting cross-pollination is an example of coevolution that drove adaptive radiations in some primates. This hypothesis is perhaps ecologically sound, but it lacks the morphology-behavior links that would allow us to test it using the fossil record. Here we attempt to identify cranial adaptations to nectar feeding among the strepsirrhines of Madagascar in order to provide such links. Many Malagasy strepsirrhines are considered effective cross-pollinators of the flowers they feed from, and nectar consumption represents as much as 75% of total feeding time. Previous studies identified skeletal correlates to nectar feeding in the crania of nonprimate mammals; from these, nine cranial measurements were chosen to be the focus of the present study. Results indicate that Cheirogaleus, Varecia, and Eulemur mirror other nectar-feeding mammals in having elongated crania and/or muzzles. These strepsirrhines might be effective cross-pollinators, lending support to the coevolution hypothesis