ROLE OF NITROGEN SOURCE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF XYLANASE FROM ASPERGILLUS SP

Recently, xylanases have expanded their use in many processing industries, such as pulp and paper, food and textile to newer needs such as biofuel production. .This study were taken up to the enhance the biosynthesis of xylanase by supplementation of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen sources were employed in range of 0.25% to 1.0%. The organic nitrogen source were supplemented are peptone, yeast extract and beef extract and inorganic nitrogen sources are ammonium Sulphate and ammonium chloride. The beef extract and ammonium nitrate were yielded higher xylnase production and showed 7.5 IU and 8.46 IU Key words: Xylanase, submerged fermentation, xylose, fermentation kinetics and inoculums siz

Genotoxic and antibacterial nature of biofabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles from Sida rhombifolia linn

Phyto-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) has gained importance because of their stable and eco-friendly nature with significant biological properties compared to chemically synthesized NPs. In the present study biofabrication of ZnO-NPs were carried out using aqueous leaf extract of Sida rhombifolia Linn. The biofabricated ZnO-NPs showed an absorption peak at 307 nm and bandgap energy of 3.51 eV with an average size of similar to 30 nm. The XRD analysis revealed stiff narrow peaks confirming the particles were of no impurities, which were in agreement with EDS analysis. The biofabricated ZnO-NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity with a MIC of 0.25 mg mL(-1) against E. coli, while it was 0.5 mg mL(-1) against B. subtilis and S. typhi. The live and dead cell analysis of the nanoparticles confirmed that the antibacterial activity was due to damage in the cell walls of the test pathogens. Further, the nanoparticles also offered significant antioxidant and genotoxic properties with an IC50 of 974.5 mu g mL(-1) and 548.4 mu g mL(-1), respectively

ROLE OF NITROGEN SOURCE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF XYLANASE FROM ASPERGILLUS SP

Recently, xylanases have expanded their use in many processing industries, such as pulp and paper, food and textile to newer needs such as biofuel production. .This study were taken up to the enhance the biosynthesis of xylanase by supplementation of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen sources were employed in range of 0.25% to 1.0%. The organic nitrogen source were supplemented are peptone, yeast extract and beef extract and inorganic nitrogen sources are ammonium Sulphate and ammonium chloride. The beef extract and ammonium nitrate were yielded higher xylnase production and showed 7.5 IU and 8.46 IU Key words: Xylanase, submerged fermentation, xylose, fermentation kinetics and inoculums siz

EFFECT OF OCHRATOXIN A AND CITRININ TOXINS ON CERTAIN MINERAL AND ELECTROLYTES LEVELS IN BROILER CHICKEN

ABSTRACT The present investigation deals with effect of ochratoxin A (OA), citrinin (CTN) and their combination on certain biochemical parameters in broiler chicken at weekly intervals. The broiler chickens were divided into four groups of 50 chicks each and fed with OA 1ppm, CTN 12.5 ppm and combination of OA+CTN (1 ppm OA + 12.5 ppm CTN) in feed up to 35 days of the experiment. The blood samples were collected from all the groups at weekly interval to study the effect of this toxin on various biochemical parameters. Biochemically, hypocalcaemia, hypophosphoremia, hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia were observed. Biochemical alterations were maximum in the combination group than the individual toxin treated group. The interaction of both the toxins was found to be additive

OCHRATOXIN A AND CITRININ INDUCED PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN BROILER CHICKEN

ABSTRACT The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of feeding ochratoxin A and citrinin either alone or in combination in broiler chicken. Two hundred broiler chicks were divided into four groups of 50 chicks each with the following treatment viz. Control diet, (group I), OA 1 ppm, (group II), CTN 12.5 ppm (group III) and combination 1 ppm OA plus 12.5 ppm CTN (group IV) up to 35 days of the trial. The experimental and the control birds were sequentially sacrificed and examined at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 th day of the experiment. On post-mortem examination grossly, the toxin fed birds showed congestion, enlargement, pallor or yellowish discoloration of liver with distended gall bladder, swollen and congested kidneys. In addition, congestion of heart with prominent vasculature, pale, dehydrated and shrunken skeletal muscles, presence of small quantity of semisolid ingesta with slight mucous in crop and proventriculous, dry and shrunken gizzard, congested appearance of intestine with small quantity of mucous and congested pancreas was observed in all the toxin fed groups throughout the period of experimentation. Microscopically degenerative changes in hepatocytes, periportal fibrosis, periductular mononuclear cell infiltration, fatty degeneration, focal necrosis in the liver, degeneration and necrotic changes in the tubular epithelial cells in kidneys, myocardial degeneration, hyaline degeneration of muscle, mucosal hyperplasia of crop, proventriculitis, ventriculitis, catarrhal enteritis, pancreatitis, lymphoid depletion in the spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus were the prominent lesions observed when both the toxins were fed to birds from second to fifth week of age. Severity of these lesions was found to be enhanced and suggested the additive or synergistic effect of these toxins in the broiler chicken

Incidence of tuberculosis in and around Banglore

Incidence of Tuberculosis is higher in developing countries due to absence of National control and Eradication programme. Incidence is higher due to close contact with infected animal or human being. In the present study, 2668 bovines were screened for tuberculosis by single intradermal test from 15 different organized government and private farm. Currently, the SID test is used worldwide to determine whether an animal is sensitized to Mycobacterial antigens or not and the test is approved by OIE. Out of which, incidence of 2.89% in HF cross breeds, 0.69% in Jersey cross bred animals and none were shown reactor to Single Intradermal test in Indigenous animals. The higher incidence of 3.26% was found in female and 0.48% found in male. The calves which were below two year of age were found 1.56% reactor. [Vet World 2010; 3(4.000): 161-164

Analysis of phytochemicals and evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of Macrosolen parasiticus L. (Dans.) leaves

The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol leaves extracts of Macrosolen parasiticus (Loranthaceae), a parasitic shrub growing on Mangifera indica were investigated for their phytochemical constituents, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities. Phytochemical screening of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolic compounds, sterols, terpenoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, fixed oils and fats. Total phenolic content of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol leaves extracts of the plant were 18, 22, 32 and 37 µg of gallic acid equivalent in 100 µg of plant extract respectively. All the extracts showed promising antioxidant activity