706 research outputs found
The impact of certain underlying comorbidities on the risk of developing hospitalised pneumonia in England
A geopolitical-economy of distant water fisheries access arrangements
In recent decades, fishing fleets and effort have grown in aggregate throughout the waters of lower-income coastal countries, much of which is carried out by vessels registered in higher-income countries. Fisheries access arrangements (FAAs) underpin this key trend in ocean fisheries and have their origins in UNCLOSâs promise to establish resource ownership as a mechanism to increase benefits to newly independent coastal and island states. Coastal states use FAAs to permit a foreign state, firm, or industry association to fish within its waters. This paper provides a conceptual approach for understanding FAAs across the global ocean and for exploring their potential to deliver on the promise of UNCLOS. Illustrated with the findings from multiple case studies, we advance understanding of FAAs by developing a geopolitical-economy of access that attends to the combination of contingent and context-specific economic, ecologic, and geopolitical forces that shape the terms, conditions and practices of the FAAs shaping this persistent phenomenon of higher-income industrial fleets fishing throughout lower-income countriesâ waters
South Korea's automotive labour regime, Hyundai Motorsâ global production network and tradeâbased integration with the European Union
This article explores the interrelationship between global production networks(GPNs) and free trade agreements (FTAs) in the South Korean auto industry and its employment relations. It focuses on the production network of the Hyundai Motor Group (HMG) â the third biggest automobile manufacturer in the world â and the FTA between the EU and South Korea. This was the first of the EUâs ânew generationâ FTAs, which among other things contained provisions designed to protect and promote labour standards. The articleâs argument is twofold. First, that HMGâs production network and Koreaâs political economy (of which HMG is a crucial part) limited the possibilities for the FTAâs labour provisions to take effect. Second, that the commercial provisions in this same FTA simultaneously eroded HMGâs domestic market and corporate profitability, leading to adverse consequences for auto workers in the more
insecure and low-paid jobs. In making this argument, the article advances a multiscalar conceptualization of the labour regime as an analytical intermediary between GPNs and FTAs. It also provides one of the first empirical studies of the EUâSouth Korea FTA in terms of employment relations, drawing on 105 interviews with trade unions, employer associations, automobile companies and state officials across both parties
The HDAC inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) inhibits mesothelioma and lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo with particular efficacy for small cell lung cancer
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the
United States. Current therapies are inadequate. Histone
deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a recently developed
class of anticancer agents that cause increased acetylation
of core histones and nonhistone proteins leading to
modulation of gene expression and protein activityin -
volved in cancer cell growth and survival pathways.
We examined the efficacyof the HDACi panobinostat
(LBH589) in a wide range of lung cancers and mesotheliomas.
Panobinostat was cytotoxic in almost all 37 cancer
cell lines tested. IC50 and LD50 values were in the
low nmol/L range (4â470 nmol/L; median, 20 nmol/L).
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines were among
the most sensitive lines, with LD50 values consistently
<25 nmol/L. In lung cancer and mesothelioma animal
models, panobinostat significantlyde creased tumor
growth byan average of 62% when compared with vehicle
control. Panobinostat was equallye ffective in
immunocompetent and severe combined immunodeficiencymic
e, indicating that the inhibition of tumor growth by
panobinostat was not due to direct immunologic effects.Panobinostat was, however, particularlyeffective in SCLC
xenografts, and the addition of the chemotherapyag ent
etoposide augmented antitumor effects. Protein analysis
of treated tumor biopsies revealed elevated amounts of cell
cycle regulators such as p21 and proapoptosis factors,
such as caspase 3 and 7 and cleaved poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase,
coupled with decreased levels of antiapoptotic
factors such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. These studies together
suggest that panobinostat maybe a useful adjunct in the
treatment of thoracic malignancies, especiallySCLC
The Paradox of Power in CSR: A Case Study on Implementation
Purpose Although current literature assumes positive outcomes for stakeholders resulting from an increase in power associated with CSR, this research suggests that this increase can lead to conflict within organizations, resulting in almost complete inactivity on CSR.
Methods A single in-depth case study, focusing on power as an embedded concept.
Results Empirical evidence is used to demonstrate how some actors use CSR to improve their own positions within an organization. Resource dependence theory is used to highlight why this may be a more significant concern for CSR.
Conclusions Increasing power for CSR has the potential to offer actors associated with it increased personal power, and thus can attract opportunistic actors with little interest in realizing the benefits of CSR for the company and its stakeholders. Thus power can be an impediment to furthering CSR strategy and activities at the individual and organizational level
Capitalism and the sea: Sovereignty, territory and appropriation in the global ocean
This paper introduces the term âterraqueous territorialityâ to analyse a particular relationship between capitalism as a social formation, and the sea as a natural force. It focuses on three spaces â exclusive economic zones (EEZs), the system of âflags of convenienceâ (FOC), and multilateral counter-piracy initiatives â as instances of capitalist states and firms seeking to transcend the geo-physical difference between firm land and fluid sea. Capital accumulation, it is argued here, seeks to territorialise the sea through forms of sovereignty and modes of appropriation drawn from experiences on land, but in doing so encounters particular tensions thereby generating distinctive spatial effects. By exploring the articulation between sovereignty, territory and appropriation in the organisation of spaces where land meets sea, the article seeks to demonstrate the value of an analytical framework that underlines the terraqueous nature of contemporary capitalism
Taking a more nuanced look at behavior change for demand reduction in the illegal wildlife trade
The illegal wildlife trade threatens the future of many species, and undermines economies and livelihoods. Conservationists have largely responded with supplyâside interventions, such as antipoaching patrols, but these often fail to stem the tide of wildlife trafficking. There is now increasing interest in demandâside interventions, which seek to lower poaching pressure on soughtâafter species by reducing consumer's desire for, and purchase of, specific wildlife products. Individual behavior change approaches, from environmental education to social marketing, have been widely advocated by academics, practitioners, and policy makers. However, this is an emerging field and we lack the breadth of evidence needed to understand and predict the potential outcomes of demand reduction interventions. To help us gain broader insights, we examine the literature from public health and international development on the effectiveness of behavior change interventions, and critique the current conceptualization of strategies for reducing consumer demand in the illegal wildlife trade. We show that behavior change is difficult to achieve and interventions may have unintended and undesirable consequences because of unaddressed systemic, cultural and environmental drivers, and limited resourcing. We conclude that some sections of the conservation community are advocating a shift from one reductionist approach based on limiting supply, to another based on limiting demand, and argue that conservationists should learn from the public health and international development projects that have integrated systems thinking. By accounting for the multiple interactions and synergies between different factors in the wildlife trade, we can develop more strategic approaches to protecting endangered species
Natural resource industries as global value chains: Frontiers, fetishism, labour and the state
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