The development of cross-cultural recognition of vocal emotion during childhood and adolescence

Humans have an innate set of emotions recognised universally. However, emotion recognition also depends on socio-cultural rules. Although adults recognise vocal emotions universally, they identify emotions more accurately in their native language. We examined developmental trajectories of universal vocal emotion recognition in children. Eighty native English speakers completed a vocal emotion recognition task in their native language (English) and foreign languages (Spanish, Chinese, and Arabic) expressing anger, happiness, sadness, fear, and neutrality. Emotion recognition was compared across 8-to-10, 11-to-13-year-olds, and adults. Measures of behavioural and emotional problems were also taken. Results showed that although emotion recognition was above chance for all languages, native English speaking children were more accurate in recognising vocal emotions in their native language. There was a larger improvement in recognising vocal emotion from the native language during adolescence. Vocal anger recognition did not improve with age for the non-native languages. This is the first study to demonstrate universality of vocal emotion recognition in children whilst supporting an “in-group advantage” for more accurate recognition in the native language. Findings highlight the role of experience in emotion recognition, have implications for child development in modern multicultural societies and address important theoretical questions about the nature of emotions

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Not AvailableStudy was initiated during 2004 with the objective to find out effective extension methods for dissemination of Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) technologies for watershed development. Frequency use and effectiveness indices along with structured schedules were developed to assess and evaluate different extension methods. The study has revealed that majority of farmers were using radio and television more frequently for information on different agricultural and SWC technologies. The less frequently used extension methods by the farmers were bulletin & documentary film show, exhibition, study tour, result demonstration and method demonstration. It was also found that the most effective extension methods as perceived by farmers for dissemination of SWC technologies were farm & home visit in individual contact, discussion meeting & result demonstration in group contact and film show in mass contact. Whereas, according to officers of watershed development team and extension scientists the highly effective extension methods were farm & home visit in individual contact methods, result demonstration, study tour, lecture and discussion meeting in group contact methods and they considered none of extension method highly effective in mass contact methods. The study concludes that most effective extension methods as perceived by both, the farmers and officers were farm and home visit in individual contact, result demonstration in group contact and bulletin as well as documentary film show in mass contact methods, for effective dissemination of SWC technologies for watershed management.Not Availabl

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The technical article entitled "Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques for planning watershed management". (In) Training manual on “Watershed Treatment Technologies for Sustainable Production”, edited by G.L. Bagdi and V.C. Pande, and published by the Head, Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Vasad, District- Anand, Gujarat, pages: 6-10. Head, Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Vasad, District- Anand, GujaratNot AvailableNot Availabl

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The article entitled "Social mechanism for inducing stakeholder’s participation in forest resources management". (In) Training manual on “Soil and water conservation technologies for forest management in watershed approach”, edited by G.L. Bagdi and R.S. Kurothe, published by Head, Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Vasad, District- Anand, Gujarat, pages: 62-67.Not AvailableNot Availabl

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Not AvailableThe majority of tribals in Nandurbar district of Maharashtra were poor farmers, illiterate, having small size of land holdings with annual income less than rupees five thousand. The tribal farmers were having big size of family with 6 to 10 or more family members and their staple food was Sorghum chapati with Urd dal (Black gram) or chatani (powder of dry red chilies with salt). The tribal farmers were migrating in nearby areas to earn their income by doing labour work in fields of other farmers. The majority of tribal farmers were having low socio-economic status i.e. lack of implements, equipments, irrigation facilities, mechanical power, animal power and material possession. The tribal farmers were very much dependent on forest for firewood for cooking food and timber wood for their Charpai and house making particularly in roof. They were also collecting Mahuda flowers from forest area for their domestic uses and Timbru leaves for Bidi making for their own smoking purpose. The tribal farmers in Nandurbar district of Maharashtra were having moderate to low level of knowledge and adoption of different soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies due to reason of their poor socio-economic status they were unable to adopt costly SWC technologies.Not Availabl

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