511 research outputs found
An intelligent allocation algorithm for parallel processing
The problem of allocating nodes of a program graph to processors in a parallel processing architecture is considered. The algorithm is based on critical path analysis, some allocation heuristics, and the execution granularity of nodes in a program graph. These factors, and the structure of interprocessor communication network, influence the allocation. To achieve realistic estimations of the executive durations of allocations, the algorithm considers the fact that nodes in a program graph have to communicate through varying numbers of tokens. Coarse and fine granularities have been implemented, with interprocessor token-communication duration, varying from zero up to values comparable to the execution durations of individual nodes. The effect on allocation of communication network structures is demonstrated by performing allocations for crossbar (non-blocking) and star (blocking) networks. The algorithm assumes the availability of as many processors as it needs for the optimal allocation of any program graph. Hence, the focus of allocation has been on varying token-communication durations rather than varying the number of processors. The algorithm always utilizes as many processors as necessary for the optimal allocation of any program graph, depending upon granularity and characteristics of the interprocessor communication network
Syncretic Forms of Spiritual Healing Practices Among the Muslim Gurage of Southwestern Ethiopia
At the time when Islam was propagated into the Sabat Bet Gurage, the second and third generations of the Abret shrine had been accommodated some elements of the traditional belief system and they adopted it into the frame of Sufi Islam. The main focus of this paper is to examine the processes how the indigenous healing practices were accommodated into the frame of Sufi Islam and the mechanisms applied for the persistency of the spiritual healing power of the leaders of Abret shrine. The religious leaders of the Abret shrine have been claiming that they have an extraordinary power to cure diseases which were previously believed to be healed only through performing traditional ritual rites. They claim that they had received baraka (blessing of the Prophet) that ensued from the common genealogical line descended to the Qurayyish tribe of the prophet Mohammed. And, it is believed the baraka that the Abret leaders possess has caused for the sacredness of the earth sample and spring water around the shrine that are used for healing purposes. Thus, this paper underscores the processes of the Islamization of indigenous healing practices and how ritually sanctified diseases were defined under the frame of Sufi Islam
Syncretic Forms of Spiritual Healing Practices Among the Muslim Gurage of Southwestern Ethiopia
At the time when Islam was propagated into the Sabat Bet Gurage, the second and third generations of the Abret shrine had been accommodated some elements of the traditional belief system and they adopted it into the frame of Sufi Islam. The main focus of this paper is to examine the processes how the indigenous healing practices were accommodated into the frame of Sufi Islam and the mechanisms applied for the persistency of the spiritual healing power of the leaders of Abret shrine. The religious leaders of the Abret shrine have been claiming that they have an extraordinary power to cure diseases which were previously believed to be healed only through performing traditional ritual rites. They claim that they had received baraka (blessing of the Prophet) that ensued from the common genealogical line descended to the Qurayyish tribe of the prophet Mohammed. And, it is believed the baraka that the Abret leaders possess has caused for the sacredness of the earth sample and spring water around the shrine that are used for healing purposes. Thus, this paper underscores the processes of the Islamization of indigenous healing practices and how ritually sanctified diseases were defined under the frame of Sufi Islam
Nonparametric tests for ordered alternatives in the bivariate case
AbstractA class of bivariate rank tests are developed for the two-sample problem of testing equality of distributions against certain one-sided alternatives. These tests are the nonparametric analogs of a normal theory test proposed by Schaafsma and Smid. These tests are shown to be unbiased and the asymptotic distributions are obtained under the null distribution and local alternatives. Some asymptotic efficiency comparisons are also made
Enhanced Critical parameters of nano-Carbon doped MgB2 Superconductor
The high field magnetization and magneto transport measurements are carried
out to determine the critical superconducting parameters of MgB2-xCx system.
The synthesized samples are pure phase and the lattice parameters evaluation is
carried out using the Rietveld refinement. The R-T(H) measurements are done up
to a field of 140 kOe. The upper critical field values, Hc2 are obtained from
this data based upon the criterion of 90% of normal resistivity i.e. Hc2=H at
which Rho=90%Rho; where RhoN is the normal resistivity i.e., resistivity at
about 40 K in our case. The Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg (WHH) prediction of
Hc(0) underestimates the critical field value even below than the field up to
which measurement is carried out. After this the model, the Ginzburg Landau
theory (GL equation) is applied to the R-T(H) data which not only calculates
the Hc2(0) value but also determines the dependence of Hc2 on temperature in
the low temperature high field region. The estimated Hc(0)=157.2 kOe for pure
MgB2 is profoundly enhanced to 297.5 kOe for the x=0.15 sample in MgB2-xCx
series. Magnetization measurements are done up to 120 kOe at different
temperatures and the other parameters like irreversibility field, Hirr and
critical current density Jc(H) are also calculated. The nano carbon doping
results in substantial enhancement of critical parameters like Hc2, Hirr and
Jc(H) in comparison to the pure MgB2 sample.Comment: 25 pages with 9 Figs:
comments/suggestions([email protected]
Synthesis of SmFeAsO by an Easy and Versatile Route and its Physical Property Characterization
We report synthesis, structure, electrical transport and heat capacity of
SmFeAsO. The title compound is synthesized by one-step encapsulation of
stoichiometric FeAs, Sm, and Sm2O3 in an evacuated (10-5 Torr) quartz tube by
prolong (72 hours) annealing at 1100oC. The as synthesized compound is
crystallized in tetragonal structure with P4/nmm space group having lattice
parameters a = 3.93726(33) A and c = 8.49802(07) A. The resistance (R-T)
measurements on the compound exhibited ground state spin-density-wave
(SDW)-like metallic steps below 140 K. Heat capacity CP(T) measurements on the
title compound, showed an anomaly at around 140 K, which is reminiscent of the
SDW ordering of the compound. At lower temperatures the CP(T) shows a clear
peak at around 4.5 K. At lower temperature below 20 K, Cp(T) is also measured
under an applied field of 7 Tesla. It is concluded that the CP(T) peak at 4.5 K
is due to the anti-ferromagnetic(AFM) ordering of Sm3+ spins. These results are
in confirmation with ordering of Sm in Sm2-xCexCuO4.Comment: 9 pages Text + Figs Contact Author ([email protected]
Anomalous Thermoelectric power of over-doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 superconductor
Temperature dependence of thermoelectric power S(T) of three differently
processed Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (Bi2212) samples, viz. as-processed melt quenched
(Bi2212-MQ), 6000C N2-annealed (Bi2212-N2) and 6000C O2-annealed (Bi2212-O2) is
reported here. All the samples possess single-phase character and their
superconducting transition temperatures (TcR=0) are 85 K, 90 K and 72 K
respectively for Bi2212-MQ, Bi2212-N2 and Bi2212-O2. While Bi2212-MQ and
Bi2212-N2 samples are in near optimum doping regime, Bi2212-O2 is an over-doped
sample. TcS=0 values obtained through S(T) data are also in line with those
deduced from the temperature dependence of resistance and DC magnetization.
Interestingly, S(T) behaviour of the optimally-doped Bi2212-MQ and Bi2212-N2
samples is seen to be positive in whole temperature range, it is found negative
for the over-doped Bi2212-O2 sample above TcS=0. These results have been seen
in the light of the recent band structure calculations and the ensuing split
Fermi surface as determined by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy
(ARPES).Comment: 11 Pages Text + Figs: comments welcome ([email protected]
An Evolutionary Multi-Objective Crowding Algorithm (EMOCA): Benchmark Test Function Results
A new evolutionary multi-objective crowding algorithm (EMOCA) is evaluated using nine benchmark multiobjective optimization problems, and shown to produce non-dominated solutions with significant diversity, outperforming state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms viz., Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm – II (NSGA-II), Strength Pareto Evolutionary algorithm II (SPEA-II) and Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy (PAES) on most of the test problems. The key new approach in EMOCA is to use a diversity-emphasizing probabilistic approach in determining whether an offspring individual is considered in the replacement selection phase, along with the use of a non-domination ranking scheme. This approach appears to provide a useful compromise between the two concerns of dominance and diversity in the evolving population
Superconductivity of non- stoichiometric intermetallic compound NbB2
We report the synthesis, magnetic susceptibility and crystal structure
analysis for NbB2+x (x = 0.0 to 1.0) samples. The study facilitates in finding
a correlation among the lattice parameters, chemical composition and the
superconducting transition temperature Tc. Rietveld analysis is done on the X-
ray diffraction patterns of all synthesized samples to determine the lattice
parameters. The a parameter decreases slightly and has a random variation with
increasing x, while c parameter increases from 3.26 for pure NbB2 to 3.32 for
x=0.4 i.e. NbB2.4. With higher Boron content (x>0.4) the c parameter decreases
slightly. The stretching of lattice in c direction induces superconductivity in
the non- stoichiometric niobium boride. Pure NbB2 is non-superconductor while
the other NbB2+x (x>0.0) samples show diamagnetic signal in the temperature
range 8.9-11K. Magnetization measurements (M-H) at a fixed temperature of 5K
are also carried out in both increasing and decreasing directions of field. The
estimated lower and upper critical fields (Hc1 & Hc2) as viewed from M-H plots
are around 590 and 2000Oe respectively for NbB2.6 samples. In our case,
superconductivity is achieved in NbB2 by varying the Nb/B ratios, rather than
changing the processing conditions as reported by others.Comment: 14 pages TEXT+Figs; comments/suggestions
([email protected]). ACCEPTED: Solid State Communications (2008
Korean Character Recognition Using Neural Networks
We present a neural-network approach for recognizing printed Korean characters. Our approach is based on a variant of the back-propagation algorithm. The results indicate that by transforming the character data into Hough space, we can achieve excellent recognition
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