USING LAND EQUITY TO PROVIDE A RETIREMENT INCOME

Many retiring farmers will need to use their land equity to provide a retirement income. Based on a present value analysis, retiring farmers may either decide to sell or lease their land. The analysis is needed because taxes, liability issues, and goals of the farmer complicate the decision.retirement, land equity, Consumer/Household Economics, Land Economics/Use,

Experimental evaluation of atmospheric effects on radiometric measurements using the EREP of Skylab

The author has identified the following significant results. Test sites were located near the Great Salt Lake and the Salton Sea. Calculations were performed for a set of atmospheric models corresponding to the test sites, in addition to standard models for summer and winter midlatitude atmospheres with respective integrated water vapor amount of 2.4 g/sq cm and 0.9 g/sq cm. Each atmosphere was found to contain an average amount of continental aerosol. Computations were valid for high solar elevation angles. Atmospheric attenuation quantities were computed in addition to simulated EREP S192 radiances

Length-weight relationships for some important forage crustaceans from South Africa

The diet of marine animals is usually determined by stomach content analysis. Although partially digested prey fragments can often be identified to species level, it is difficult to estimate the original mass of the prey organism. This information, however, is essential for calculating both the total food intake as well as the relative contribution of each prey item. In this study we present regression equations that can be used to estimate the original mass of 18 common South African crustaceans from various indigestible fragments such as the carapace (length and width), chelae (length and width of left and right dactylus) and eye (length and width)

Advanced Moisture and Temperature Sounder (AMTS) study

Retrieval of tropospheric humidity profiles from satellite-based upwelling radiances are shown to be improved by using physical methods for obtaining first-guess profiles as well as for inverting the radiative transfer equation by relaxation. The first guess is based on an empirically verified hypothesis, from theoretical considerations, that the brightness temperature corresponding to the radiance should be approximately equal to the actual temperatue at a channel-invariant optical depth provided that the surface and stratospheric contributions to the radiance are small. Even greater improvement of retrieved humidity profiles can be accomplished by increasing the number of channels used and by selecting their spectral location and bandpass to obtain sharper independent weighting functions. For example, the AMTS system, with high resolution water channels at 1650, 1700, 1839, 1850 and 1930 cm, is shown to be capable of reducing the retrieved water vapor errors in 200 mb thick layers by a factor of two or three relative to the HIRS-2 system errors. Expected AMTS errors in tropical layer water content are particularly low, less than 20% at all levels, and of the order of 10% or less in the middle troposphere

Estimation of the geophysical properties of the ocean surface using aircraft microwave measurements

An improved model of the effects of sea state on microwave signature has been developed which incorporates the different effects of whitecaps and streaks to define the response of microwave channels to wind speed. This model has been demonstrated to agree with recent measurements. An approximation model has also been incorporated to describe the effects of precipitation on microwave radiation through a computationally rapid routine. The use of these models and a new technique to allow the selection of the most climatologically appropriate D-matrix is demonstrated in the inversion of data collected over the bering Sea. Surface wind speed agrees very well with observations while good results are obtained for integrated water vapor, and liquid water

Carbohydrate—protein conjugate vaccines

ABSTRACTVarious pathogenic bacteria have coats of polysaccharide, many with repeating epitopes. Though polysaccharide vaccines have been available for some time, they induce mainly IgM production, and are only moderately protective in adults and ineffective in young children. It was originally shown in 1931 that the immunogenicity of polysaccharides could be enhanced by conjugating to a protein. The last two decades have witnessed the production and clinical testing of polysaccharide—protein conjugates specific for at least four different bacteria which normally cause considerable mortality and morbidity, especially in young children. In some cases, immunizing children from 4 months of age, with a booster early in the second year, has resulted in remarkably high success rates in protecting them from disease. For one pathogen, Haemophilus influenza type b, the success rate has been sufficiently high (>95%) to suggest that this disease might, in time, be globally controlled in this way. The results of immunization with conjugate vaccines to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningiditis and Salmonella typhi are also very encouraging. More conjugate preparations are under development

X-ray induced persistent photoconductivity in Si-doped Al0.35_{0.35}Ga0.65_{0.65}As

We demonstrate that X-ray irradiation can be used to induce an insulator-metal transition in Si-doped Al$_{0.35}$Ga$_{0.65}$As, a semiconductor with {\it DX} centers. The excitation mechanism of the {\it DX} centers into their shallow donor state was revealed by studying the photoconductance along with fluorescence. The photoconductance as a function of incident X-ray energy exhibits an edge both at the Ga and As K-edge, implying that core-hole excitation of Ga and As are efficient primary steps for the excitation of {\it DX} centers. A high quantum yield ($\gg 1$) suggests that the excitation is indirect and nonlocal, due to secondary electrons, holes, and fluorescence photons.Comment: 3 pages of text, 6 figures. An error in Fig.5 was detected, so we corrected i

Microscopic and Macroscopic Signatures of Antiferromagnetic Domain Walls

Magnetotransport measurements on small single crystals of Cr, the elemental antiferromagnet, reveal the hysteretic thermodynamics of the domain structure. The temperature dependence of the transport coefficients is directly correlated with the real-space evolution of the domain configuration as recorded by x-ray microprobe imaging, revealing the effect of antiferromagnetic domain walls on electron transport. A single antiferromagnetic domain wall interface resistance is deduced to be of order $5\times10^{-5}\mathrm{\mu\Omega\cdot cm^{2}}$ at a temperature of 100 K.Comment: 3 color figure

Fertilizing Alfalfa for Profit

Alfalfa has the potential for producing high yields of high quality forage with good management. A key component of good management is supplying plant nutrients in adequate quantities and proper balance. In Kentucky, this requires fertilizing soils with agricultural limestone, commercial fertilizers and/or animal manures. Good soil fertility is necessary for alfalfa stand establishment, high yields and long stand life