Comparison of microRNA expression profiles of athletes involved in endurance sports and non-athletic volunteers using a hypoxia signaling pathway panel

In recent years, interest in the search for new potential molecular biomarkers to assess the effectiveness of the training process in elite sports, various pathologies caused by overload, and abuse of prohibited substances has reached an unprecedented level. MicroRNAs that regulate the processes of metabolism, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of cells at the post-transcriptional level are the most valuable candidates for use in this regard. They are found in all biological fluids of the human body, are stable during long-term storage and resistant to changes in environmental conditions. It is known that changes in the miRNA expression profile are closely associated with physical activity, as well as with the administration of recombinant hormones, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and other substances and methods that improve sports performance, which are prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).Objective: In this study, plasma samples from athletes involved in endurance sports (race walking) and non-athletic volunteers were analyzed using a hypoxia signaling pathway panel to identify hypoxia candidate markers.Materials and methods: Expression profiles of plasma circulating miRNAs were assessed by reverse transcription followed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT Q-PCR). The obtained data were subjected to statistical processing using the CFX Manager Software v3.1 program.Results: Three potential microRNA markers were identified: hsa-miR-210-3p, hsa-miR-320a and hsa-miR-935 (increased in athletes by 61.6 times, 51.8 and 41.0 times, respectively) — of physiological response to the training, load, which may be associated with the emergence of hypoxia during endurance training.Conclusion: We have obtained preliminary data on differences in the expression profiles of circulating miRNAs in healthy non-athletic volunteers and professional athletes in the out-of-competition period. In the future, it is planned to expand the sample of studied blood plasma samples and compare the expression profiles of circulating microRNAs in athletes in competition and out-of-competition periods, as well as to compare the expression profiles of circulating microRNAs during aerobic and anaerobic loads. In addition, it is of interest to analyze changes in the expression levels of circulating miRNAs when using hypoxia mimetics applied to improve sports performance

The thylakoid carbonic anhydrase associated with photosystem II is the component of inorganic carbon accumulating system in cells of halo- and alkaliphilic cyanobacterium Rhabdoderma lineare

AbstractThe organization of carbonic anhydrase (CA) system in halo- and alkaliphilic cyanobacterium Rhabdoderma lineare was studied by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical electron microscopy. The presence of putative extracellular α-CA of 60 kDa in the glycocalyx, forming a tight sheath around the cell, and of two intracellular β-CA is reported. We show for the first time that the β-CA of 60 kDa is expressed constitutively and associated with polypeptides of photosystem II (β-CA-PS II). Another soluble β-CA of 25 kDa was induced in low-bicarbonate medium. Induction of synthesis of the latter β-CA was accompanied by an increase in the intracellular pool of inorganic carbon, which suggests an important role of this enzyme in the functioning of a CO2-concentrating mechanism

Spontaneous symmetry breaking in a two-lane model for bidirectional overtaking traffic

First we consider a unidirectional flux \omega_bar of vehicles each of which is characterized by its `natural' velocity v drawn from a distribution P(v). The traffic flow is modeled as a collection of straight `world lines' in the time-space plane, with overtaking events represented by a fixed queuing time tau imposed on the overtaking vehicle. This geometrical model exhibits platoon formation and allows, among many other things, for the calculation of the effective average velocity w=\phi(v) of a vehicle of natural velocity v. Secondly, we extend the model to two opposite lanes, A and B. We argue that the queuing time \tau in one lane is determined by the traffic density in the opposite lane. On the basis of reasonable additional assumptions we establish a set of equations that couple the two lanes and can be solved numerically. It appears that above a critical value \omega_bar_c of the control parameter \omega_bar the symmetry between the lanes is spontaneously broken: there is a slow lane where long platoons form behind the slowest vehicles, and a fast lane where overtaking is easy due to the wide spacing between the platoons in the opposite direction. A variant of the model is studied in which the spatial vehicle density \rho_bar rather than the flux \omega_bar is the control parameter. Unequal fluxes \omega_bar_A and \omega_bar_B in the two lanes are also considered. The symmetry breaking phenomenon exhibited by this model, even though no doubt hard to observe in pure form in real-life traffic, nevertheless indicates a tendency of such traffic.Comment: 50 pages, 16 figures; extra references adde

Studying the influence of functional ingredients on the vitamin composition of immunostimulating pastille of marmalade products

The study of functional ingredients to change the composition of water-soluble vitamins in the developed pastille of marmalade products was studied. The large concentration of riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, folic and ascorbic acids, pyridoxine was observed in the sample with the addition of 1% Hypericum, which shows that the high content of these vitamins in the herb (Hypericum olympicum). The vitamin composition of marmalade samples with the addition of various functional oils has been studied. In these samples, as in the control sample, thiamine chloride was not detected, which is supposed to be due to the influence of technological processing modes when obtaining oils. According to the content of riboflavin, nicotinic acid and pantothenic acids, the sample with walnut oil prevailed, corresponded to 0.06, 0.011 and 0.12 mg/100 g. In the sample with Hypericum oil, 0.011 mg/100 g of nicotinic acid and 0.1 mg/100 g of pantothenic acid were found more. The sample with milk thistle oil contained more riboflavin 0.068 mg/100 g, pyridoxine 0.158 mg/100 g, folic acid 0.08 mg/100 g. There was more ascorbic acid in the sample with the addition of Hypericum oil and amounted to 0.145 mg/100 g. According to the results of a comparative analysis of water-soluble vitamins, it is recommended for use in the preparation of marmalade products: Hypericum in the form of a herbal component, including in combination with aerial parts of sea buckthorn; oils of walnut plants, milk thistle, Hypericum wort, sea buckthorn

The study of the influence of plant additives on increasing the food and biological value of soft waffles

Currently there is an acute shortage of fibres and proteins in the human diet, resulting in various diseases. The modern market needs a product capable of diversifying the range in the sector of functional, dietary flour confectionery. To this end, the article shows one of the ways to improve the macronutrient composition of waffles, especially with regard to the protein-carbohydrate component of the product. Laboratory analysis showed that the introduction of pea protein, chicory root syrup and apple fiber into the composition of flour and confectionery increased protein content by 3.3% in wafers made of rice flour only and by 5.6% in waffles made of a mixture of whole grains and rice flour. The amount of sucrose decreased in «Rice» waffles by 2.6% and by 2.3% in «Wheat-rice» waffles, and the amount of fiber on average is 3-4 times more, compared to the control sample. In comparison with the control sample, increased the average number of essential amino acids such as: lysine – in 1.5 times; phenylalanine – in 1.25 times; leucine and isoleucine – in 0.8 times; methionine – in 1.5 times, threonine – in 3 times. Thus, the study resulted in the development of dietary plant based soft waffles with improved macronutrient composition, able to expand the range of functional products and can be recommended for dietary nutrition

Research of the vitamin composition of medicinal herbs in the development of immunostimulating confectionery products

This article reflects the results of a study of the content of vitamins, polyphenols, antioxidants in medicinal raw materials of local origin (licorice root, St. rose hips, flax seeds) in order to study their beneficial properties as a component for marmalade products that have an immunostimulating effect. According to laboratory studies, the largest amount of polyphenols is found in the leaves of sea buckthorn and St. John's wort (60.02% and 12.82%, respectively), antioxidants (3.61 mg / 100 g and 2.49 mg / 100 g) and most of the B vitamins (В₂ in sea buckthorn leaves 0.777 mg / 100 g, and in St. John's wort 0.088 mg / 100 g, В₅ - 1.506 mg / 100 g and 0.061 mg / 100 g, respectively, В₆ - 0.680 mg / 100 g in sea buckthorn leaves and 0.427 mg / 100 g in St. John's wort). A high content of vitamin C was found in rose hips (4.355 mg / 100g) and St. John's wort (4.314 mg / 100g). In the leaves of sea buckthorn, the content of ascorbic acid is 1.409 mg / 100 g, which is 67% less compared to St. John's wort. In this regard, it follows that the most promising raw materials for imparting an immunostimulating effect to marmalade confectionery products are sea buckthorn leaves and St. John's wort

Dynamics at barriers in bidirectional two-lane exclusion processes

A two-lane exclusion process is studied where particles move in the two lanes in opposite directions and are able to change lanes. The focus is on the steady state behavior in situations where a positive current is constrained to an extended subsystem (either by appropriate boundary conditions or by the embedding environment) where, in the absence of the constraint, the current would be negative. We have found two qualitatively different types of steady states and formulated the conditions of them in terms of the transition rates. In the first type of steady state, a localized cluster of particles forms with an anti-shock located in the subsystem and the current vanishes exponentially with the extension of the subsystem. This behavior is analogous to that of the one-lane partially asymmetric simple exclusion process, and can be realized e.g. when the local drive is induced by making the jump rates in two lanes unequal. In the second type of steady state, which is realized e.g. if the local drive is induced purely by the bias in the lane change rates, and which has thus no counterpart in the one-lane model, a delocalized cluster of particles forms which performs a diffusive motion as a whole and, as a consequence, the current vanishes inversely proportionally to the extension of the subsystem. The model is also studied in the presence of quenched disordered, where, in case of delocalization, phenomenological considerations predict anomalously slow, logarithmic decay of the current with the system size in contrast with the usual power-law.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figure

A novel MECA3 region in human 3p21.3 harboring putative tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes

Aim of this article is to perform the detailed analysis of 3p (especially 3p21 region) to discover novel potential oncogenes and/or tumor suppressors