Scalability of Optical Interconnects Based on Microring Resonators

This letter investigates the use of optical microring resonators as switching elements (SEs) in large optical interconnection fabrics. We introduce a simple physical-layer model to assess scalability in crossbar- and Benes-based architectures.We also propose a new dilated SE that improves scalability to build fabrics of several terabits per second of aggregate capacit

Optical Interconnection Architectures based on Microring Resonators

Abstract: Microring resonators are an interesting device to build integrated optical interconnects, but their asymmetric loss behavior could limit the scalability of classical optical interconnects. We present new interconnects able to increase scalability with limited complexity

Optical Interconnection Networks Based on Microring Resonators

Abstract — Interconnection networks must transport an always increasing information density and connect a rising number of processing units. Electronic technologies have been able to sustain the traffic growth rate, but are getting close to their physical limits. In this context, optical interconnection networks are becoming progressively more attractive, especially because new photonic devices can be directly integrated in CMOS technology. Indeed, interest in microring resonators as switching components is rising, but their usability in full optical interconnection architectures is still limited by their physical characteristics. Indeed, differently from classical devices used for switching, switching elements based on microring resonators exhibit asymmetric power losses depending on the output ports input signals are directed to. In this paper, we study classical interconnection architectures such as crossbar, Benes and Clos networks exploiting microring resonators as building blocks. Since classical interconnection networks lack either scalability or complexity, we propose two new architectures to improve performance of microring based interconnection networks while keeping a reasonable complexity. I

Optimal deployment of next-generation PON for high and ultra-high bandwidth demand scenarios in large urban areas

This paper proposes a techno-economic analysis of the optimal deployment of multiple PON networks with different technologies, including the newest next-generation standards, such as GPON, XGSPON, NG-PON2 and 50G-EPON, within a large urban area in Quito. On this zone, we simulated a population of around 20000 customers, distributed between two central offices. We assume that customers demand different bitrates considering present and future bitrate-demand scenarios. This analysis uses an algorithm called OTS (Optimal Topology Search) which employs a nested set of heuristics in order to find the optimal topology for the deployment of PON in large areas with many potential customers. Results obtained in this research describe an accurate projection of the optimal deployment cost and the most suitable PON technology for each bitrate demand scenario, taking into account not only the cost of the entire hardware, but leasing, labor-hours, pole-works and trenching/recapping-works

Experimental Demonstration of Real-Time 400G Coherent Transmission over 300m OM3 MMF

We experimentally demonstrate real-time coherent transmission up to 400Gbps over 300m OM3 multimode fibers, showing resilience to connector offsets up to 3-6 µm and fiber mechanical shaking using rigorous TIA-455-203 procedures

Emotional Intelligence in Ultra-Marathon Runners: Implications for Recovery Strategy and Stress Responses during an Ultra-Endurance Race.

The aim of this research was to investigate the role of trait emotional intelligence (EI) in recovery stress states in a mountain ultra-marathon (MUM) race. Recovery stress states of 13 finishers were assessed before, during, and immediately after the end of an extreme MUM, whereas emotional intelligence was assessed 2 days before the MUM race. Temporal evolutions of recovery stress states were examined. Stress states increased after the race whereas recovery states decreased in all participants. In addition, recovery states were influenced by the trait EI level assessed before the competition. Results supported the hypothesis that trait EI tends to have a positive effect by boosting recovery strategies. In this perspective, trait EI could have a protective role against stress and improve pre-competition mental preparation. High scores of trait EI (in comparison to low scores of trait EI) could have helped athletes to increase recovery states in order to improve their psychological adaptation to one of the most difficult races in the world

Analysis and experiments on C band 200G coherent PON based on Alamouti polarization-insensitive receivers

Passive optical network (PON) based on coherent detection has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years as a future solution for 100+ Gbps per wavelength. Particularly for 200G-PON, one of the most attractive options would be to switch to QAM transmission and coherent detection, due to its well know advantages compared to the Direct-Detection approaches used so far in PON. However, coherent technology, extensively used in core networks, has costs that are still perceived as too high for the access ecosystem. In order to perform cost reduction, some groups have studied the option of coherent polarization-independent (PI) detection, since it halves the number of optoelectronic components in the receiver front end. In this paper, we thus present a detailed simulative and experimental investigation of polarization-independent receivers to achieve 200 Gbps transmission in C band using the Alamouti polarization time block coding (PTBC). Our goal is to show what would be the system requirements in terms of optoelectronic bandwidths, laser phase noise and ultimate power budget limitations. We study two different modulation formats: quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM). We also compare heterodyne and homodyne/intradyne solutions through simulations. As a summarizing result, we experimentally show that 200G PON based on 50 Gbaud-16QAM single-polarization Alamouti coded signals would be possible with today state-of-the-art coherent technologies, demonstrating an Optical Distribution Network loss above 33 dB with 25 km fiber length, a very promising result that is compliant with the PON power budget E1 class