Decomposição e liberação de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio de resíduos da cultura do feijoeiro.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo mensurar a velocidade de decomposição e de liberação de nutrientes in situ de resíduos da cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Em condições de campo, foram coletadas as folhas senescentes durante o ciclo da cultura, bem como os caules e a palhada de vagens após trilhagem dos grãos, de cultivares de feijoeiro. Esses resíduos continham 2,3 Mg ha-l de massa, 31 kg ha-l de N e 2,4 kg ha-1 de P, que correspondiam a 63, 41 e 28 % do total de massa, N e P, respectivamente, acumulados durante 0 ciclo da cultura. Foram realizados dois ensaios, nos períodos de inverno-primavera e primavera-verão, quando os caules, as vagens e as folhas senescentes foram colocados separadamente em litterbags, dispostos sobre 0 solo, e coletados entre 2 e 120 dias. As quantidades de matéria seca e nutrientes remanescentes em cada tipo de resíduo foram ajustadas a um modelo exponencial simples. O tempo de meia-vida dos resíduos foi de, no primeiro e segundo ensaios, respectivamente, 133 e 179 dias para caules, 70 e 80 dias para folhas e 64 dias para vagens. A relativamente lenta decomposição dos resíduos pode ser associada a sua alta relação C:N - acima de 60 para caule e palhada de vagens. A liberação de N e P pelos resíduos foi similar á dinâmica de decomposição, enquanto a liberação de K foi mais rápida. Os resultados indicam que as folhas senescentes e os resíduos produzidos após trilhagem dos grãos podem restituir parte da demanda de nutrientes do feijoeiro, assumindo relevância para sistemas de agricultura sustentável. The objective of this study was to measure the speed of decomposition and nutrient release in situ from residues of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crop. In field conditions, leaves of common bean cultivars senesced during the growth cycle and stems and podwal ls after pod threshing were collected. These residues contained 2.3 Mg ha-l of mass, 31 kg ha-l of Nand 2.4 kg ha-l of P that corresponded to 63, 41 and 28 % of total mass, Nand P, respectively accumulated during the crop growth cycle. Two experiments were conducted, during winter-spring and spring-summer. Stems, podwalls and sene seed leaves were placed separately in litterbags on the ground and collected, from the 2nd to the 120th day. The dry matter and nutrient amounts found in each residue type were adjusted to a simple exponential model. The half-life of the residues was, in the first and second trial respectively, 133 and 179 days for stems, 70 and 80 days for leaves, and 64 days for podwalls. The relatively slow residue decomposition may be associated with the high C:N ratio (C:N> ao in stems and podwalls). Nitrogen and P release by residues was similar to the decomposition pattern, while K release was faster. The results indicate that senescent leaves and residues produced after pod threshing can cover part of the nutrient demand of common bean crop, which is relevant for sustainable agricultural systems.Parceria: IDAF; UFRRJ

Calibración del número N de la curva de escurrimiento en una cuenca agropecuaria de 116 km2 de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

535-541In the mountainous area of Buenos Aires, Argentina, an increase in precipitation and in cultivated area has contributed to generating excessive runoff that has had severe impact on the region and on soil water erosion. The rain-runoff ratio in this region can help estimate the effects of floods. The local values of the runoff curve number (N) were calculated for the basin of the Arroyo Videla (Buenos Aires, Argentina), and its relationship to rainfall events was studied parting from daily rain data and runoff volumes. Values of 51 to 99 were obtained, and the most frequent were between 60 and 90. The relationship between N and precipitation exhibited a standard pattern that allowed adjusting an asymptotic value of 57. Rains less than 15 mm were associated with N between 85 and 90, while rains between 15 and 85 mm were related to N of 60 to 85. There was concordance between intermediate observed N and tabulated values of this parameter associated with each plant cover. This highlights the importance of obtaining local values of the studied variable to appropriately implement the method in basins of 100 km2

Calibración del número N de la curva de escurrimiento en una cuenca agropecuaria de 116 km2 de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

535-541In the mountainous area of Buenos Aires, Argentina, an increase in precipitation and in cultivated area has contributed to generating excessive runoff that has had severe impact on the region and on soil water erosion. The rain-runoff ratio in this region can help estimate the effects of floods. The local values of the runoff curve number (N) were calculated for the basin of the Arroyo Videla (Buenos Aires, Argentina), and its relationship to rainfall events was studied parting from daily rain data and runoff volumes. Values of 51 to 99 were obtained, and the most frequent were between 60 and 90. The relationship between N and precipitation exhibited a standard pattern that allowed adjusting an asymptotic value of 57. Rains less than 15 mm were associated with N between 85 and 90, while rains between 15 and 85 mm were related to N of 60 to 85. There was concordance between intermediate observed N and tabulated values of this parameter associated with each plant cover. This highlights the importance of obtaining local values of the studied variable to appropriately implement the method in basins of 100 km2

DIFFERENCES IN THE FREQUENCY OF MYOELECTRIC ACTIVATION OF LOWER LIMBS BETWEEN SINGLE AND DOUBLE LEG LANDINGS IN MALES

The frequency of myoelectric activation seems to be related to the recruitment of different motor units (Wakeling, 2009). Fast muscle fibers are responsible to the production of higher forces related to the slow fibers (Wakeling, 2009). Therefore, the pattern of activation of some muscles could be associated to the risk of injuries (Bealieau et al., 2008). However, it is not well described whether the muscular activation, in the time-frequency domain, used by males in tasks with different mechanical stresses would truly be related to the strategies of protection of the ACL. The aim of this research was to compare the instantaneous median frequency (IMF) of the EMG signal of lower limbs muscles between different landing tasks in males

MUSCULAR SYNERGISM DURING CORE STABILITY EXERCISES

The aim of this study was to compare the myoelectric activity and synergism of Core region muscles among exercises commonly prescribed for Core training. The myoelectric activity of seven men was collected and the activation ratio among lumbar erector spinae (LES), lumbar multifidus (MT), external oblique (EO) and rectus abdominis (RA) were compared among eight exercises. The results suggest that EO has higher activation during frontal bridge, side bridge and “bird dog” exercises, RA has higher activation during frontal and side bridge, while LES and MT demonstrated higher activation during “bird dog” and double leg and single leg back bridge. We concluded that to train all muscles groups in a synergic way, in different postures, it should be prescribed at least one variation of the exercises that presents the flexor, lateral flexor and extensor pattern

Nutrition and accumulation of nutrients in Pochota fendleri seedlings.

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