Distribution of BoLA-DRB3

The role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the immune response makes it an attractive candidate gene for associations with disease resistance and susceptibility. This study describes genetic variability in the BoLA-DRB3 in Iranian buffaloes. Heminested PCR-RFLP method was used to identify the frequency of BoLA-DRB3 alleles. The BoLA-DRB3 locus is highly polymorphic in the study herd (12 alleles). Almost 63.50% of the alleles were accounted for by four alleles (BoLA-DRB3.2 *48, *20, *21, and obe) in Iranian buffalo. The DRB3.2 *48 allele frequency (24.20%) was higher than the others. The frequencies of the DRB3.2 *20 and DRB3.2 *21 are 14.52 and 14.00, respectively, and obe and gbb have a new pattern. Significant distinctions have been found between Iranian buffalo and other cattle breed studied. In the Iranian buffaloes studied alleles associated with resistance to various diseases are found

A Genome Scan for Positive Selection in Thoroughbred Horses

Thoroughbred horses have been selected for exceptional racing performance resulting in system-wide structural and functional adaptations contributing to elite athletic phenotypes. Because selection has been recent and intense in a closed population that stems from a small number of founder animals Thoroughbreds represent a unique population within which to identify genomic contributions to exercise-related traits. Employing a population genetics-based hitchhiking mapping approach we performed a genome scan using 394 autosomal and X chromosome microsatellite loci and identified positively selected loci in the extreme tail-ends of the empirical distributions for (1) deviations from expected heterozygosity (Ewens-Watterson test) in Thoroughbred (n = 112) and (2) global differentiation among four geographically diverse horse populations (FST). We found positively selected genomic regions in Thoroughbred enriched for phosphoinositide-mediated signalling (3.2-fold enrichment; P<0.01), insulin receptor signalling (5.0-fold enrichment; P<0.01) and lipid transport (2.2-fold enrichment; P<0.05) genes. We found a significant overrepresentation of sarcoglycan complex (11.1-fold enrichment; P<0.05) and focal adhesion pathway (1.9-fold enrichment; P<0.01) genes highlighting the role for muscle strength and integrity in the Thoroughbred athletic phenotype. We report for the first time candidate athletic-performance genes within regions targeted by selection in Thoroughbred horses that are principally responsible for fatty acid oxidation, increased insulin sensitivity and muscle strength: ACSS1 (acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1), ACTA1 (actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle), ACTN2 (actinin, alpha 2), ADHFE1 (alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing, 1), MTFR1 (mitochondrial fission regulator 1), PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4) and TNC (tenascin C). Understanding the genetic basis for exercise adaptation will be crucial for the identification of genes within the complex molecular networks underlying obesity and its consequential pathologies, such as type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we propose Thoroughbred as a novel in vivo large animal model for understanding molecular protection against metabolic disease

The cientificWorldJOURNAL Research Article Distribution of BoLA-DRB3 Allelic Frequencies and Identification of Two New Alleles in Iranian Buffalo Breed

The role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the immune response makes it an attractive candidate gene for associations with disease resistance and susceptibility. This study describes genetic variability in the BoLA-DRB3 in Iranian buffaloes. Heminested PCR-RFLP method was used to identify the frequency of BoLA-DRB3 alleles. The BoLA-DRB3 locus is highly polymorphic in the study herd (12 alleles). Almost 63.50% of the alleles were accounted for by four alleles (BoLA-DRB3.2 * 48

Changes in 5-methylcytosine content of plant DNA in proportion to the amount of flowering

Tas pats straipsnis rusų k. žurnalo Биохимия rusiškame varianteA study has been made of the content of GC pairs and 5-methylcytosine in the total DNA of generative (inflorescences, flowers, flower buds) and vegetative (shoots, leaves, vegetative buds) organs in pea, tobacco and apple due to flowering gradient. In all the plants studied, the content of 5-methylcytosine in the DNA of generative organs in high as that in the DNA of vegetative organs. The DNA from various organs of one and the same plant hardly differs by the GC content. The differences in the amount of 5-methylcytosine are probably indictive of various levels of DNA methylation. Thus tissue (cell) DNA of both plants and animals differs in the content of 5-methylcytosine. Besides, methylation of genome in them changes upon flowering, i.e. we revealed the gradient of the degree of methylation of plant genome which correlates positively with the known flowering gradient. Methylation of plant genome regulated by phytohormone is possibly associated with cell differentiation and may be considered as being one of the mechanisms of regulation of transcriptionVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

[Orloff chicken breed: history, current status and studies] Орловская порода кур. История, современное состояние, научные исследования

Моисеева И.Г.; Севастьянова А.А.; Александров А.В.; Вахрамеев А.Б.; Романов М.Н.; Дмитриев Ю.И.; Семенова С.К.; Сулимова Г.Е. Настоящая публикация представляет собой обзор материалов о старинной отечественной орловской породе кур. Приведены исторические сведения о месте (средняя полоса России) и времени происхождения (конец XVIII в.). Информация о предполагаемых предшественниках породы дополнена генетическими исследованиями авторов. Представлено описание орловской породы кур русского типа. Рассмотрены данные о распространении породы в России и за рубежом, современном ее состоянии, участии в выставках птицеводства. Проанализированы факторы, затрудняющие разведение породы, и намечены первоочередные задачи по ее сохранению. The present article provides an overview of the information on the Orloff chicken breed. Historical information about the place (central Russia), time of origin (late 18th century), and alleged progenitors of this domestic breed. The literature data is supplemented with the authors’ genetic studies. Description of the Orloff chicken breed of Russian type is given. Data on the dissemination of the breed in Russia and abroad, its modern state, standard and demonstration in poultry shows is also provided. Factors are discussed that hinder preservation of the breed and priorities for breeding the Orloff chickens are outlined

Evidence for biogeographic patterning of mitochondrial DNA sequences in Eastern horse populations

Equine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) phylogeny reconstruction reveals a complex pattern of variation unlike that seen in other large domesticates. It is likely that this pattern reflects a process of multiple and repeated, although not necessarily independent, domestication events. Until now, no clear geographic affiliation of clades has been apparent. In this study, amova analyses have revealed a significant non-random distribution of the diversity among equine populations when seven newly sequenced Eurasian populations were examined in the context of previously published sequences. The association of Eastern mtDNA types in haplogroup F was highly significant using Fisher's exact test of independence (P = 0.00000). For the first time, clear biogeographic partitioning has been detected in equine mtDNA sequence