Measurement of solid precipitation with an optical disdrometer

A study about measurements of solid precipitation using an optical disdrometer is presented. The optical disdrometer is an improved version of the ODM 470 disdrometer. It allows to measure hydrometeors within a size range of 0.4 to 22 mm in diameter. <br><br> The main advantage of this instrument is its ability to estimate accurately precipitation even under strong wind conditions (Großklaus, 1996). To measure solid precipitation a geometrical model was developed to determine the mean cross-sectional area of snow crystals for different predefined shapes and sizes. It serves to develop an algorithm, which relates the mean cross sectional area of snow crystals to their maximum dimension, liquid water content, and terminal velocity. The algorithm was applied to disdrometer measurements during winter 1999/2000 in Uppsala/Sweden. Resulting precipitation was compared to independent measurements of a Geonor gauge and to manual measurements. In terms of daily precipitation the disdrometer shows a reliable performance

On generalized semi-infinite programming

Generalized semi-infinite programming, extended Mangasarian-Fromovitz, Kuhn-Tucker and Abadie constraint qualification, Fritz-John condition, first and second order optimality conditions, optimal value function, directional differentiability, second order epiregularity, second order growth condition, 90C34, 90C30, 90C46, 65K05,