On the miracle of the Coleman-Glashow and other baryon mass formulas

Due to a new measurement of the Xi(0) mass,the Coleman-Glashow formula for the baryon octet e.m. masses (derived using unbroken SU(3) is satisfied to an extraordinary level of precision.The same unexpected precision exists for the Gell-Mann Okubo formula and for its octet-decuplet extension (G.Morpurgo,Phys.Rev.Lett. 68(1992)139).We show that the old question "why do they work so well?" is now answered by the general parameterization method.Comment: 12 pages,Late

Chiral QCD, General QCD Parameterization and Constituent Quark Models

Several recent papers -using effective QCD chiral Lagrangians- reproduced results obtained with the general QCD parameterization (GP). These include the baryon 8+10 mass formula, the octet magnetic moments and the coincidental nature of the "perfect" -3/2 ratio between the magnetic moments of p and n. Although we anticipated that the GP covers the case of chiral treatments, the above results explicitly exemplify this fact. Also we show by the GP that -in any model or theory (chiral or non chiral) reproducing the results of exact QCD- the Franklin (Coleman Glashow) sum rule for the octet magnetic moments must be violated.Comment: 10 pages, Latex; abridged version (same results), removed some reference

A relation between the charge radii of \pi^{+},\K^{+},K^{o} derived by the general QCD parametrization

We derive,using the general QCD parametrization,the approximate relation r^{2}(\pi^{+}) - r^{2}(K^(+)) approximately equal to -r^{2}(K^(o), where the r's are the charge radii.The relation is satisfied but the experimental errors are still sizeable.The derivation is similar to (but even simpler than) that for r^{2}(p) -r^{2}(n) approximately equal to r^{2}({\Delta})[Phys.Lett.B 448,107 (1999)].Comment: latex,5 pages,no figures.To appear in Europhysics Letters [two typos in Abstract corrected

The effect of grazing pressure on rotationally grazed pastures in spring/early summer on subsequent sward characteristics

peer-reviewedTwo experiments (E1 and E2) were carried out to examine the effect of grazing pressure (GP) in the early part of the grazing season on subsequent sward composition. Three GP levels, equating to 6.35, 4.24 and 3.53 cows/ha in E1, and 6.06, 5.05 and 4.03 cows/ha in E2, were used. The GP treatments were applied between April and July in E1, and April and June in E2. As GP decreased different swards, termed high (HQ), medium (MQ) and low (LQ) quality, were created. The post-grazing sward heights at the end of the GP periods were 6.6, 10.5 and 14.6 (s.e. 0.78) cm in E1, and 5.9, 8.8 and 11.4 (s.e. 0.39) cm in E2, for HQ, MQ and low LQ, respectively. Organic matter digestibility coefficients for herbage from the HQ, MQ and LQ swards during the subsequent grazing cycles averaged 0.770, 0.729 and 0.702 (s.e. 0.0055) in E1, and 0.761, 0.731 and 0.711 (s.e. 0.0038) in E2, respectively. Average live leaf proportions of the HQ, MQ and LQ swards were 0.583, 0.427 and 0.329 (s.e. 0.0193) in E1, and 0.600, 0.474 and 0.362 (s.e. 0.0155) in E2, respectively. GP had a significant effect on the proportion of grass area categorised as short grass (SG). The proportions of SG area in HQ, MQ and LQ were 0.711, 0.579 and 0.445 (s.e. 0.0106), respectively, in E1, and 0.700, 0.556 and 0.441 (s.e. 0.0133), respectively, in E2. Pre-grazing herbage mass (dry matter above 45 mm) was 2,065, 2,736 and 3,700 (s.e. 144.1) kg/ha for HQ, MQ and LQ, respectively, in E1 and 2,688, 3,735 and 4,722 (s.e. 145.0) kg/ha for HQ, MQ and LQ, respectively, in E2. The results show the importance of early season grazing pressure in creating a leafy high-digestibility sward for the remainder of the grazing season

The effect of grazing pressure on rotationally grazed pastures in spring/early summer on the performance of dairy cows in the summer/autumn period

peer-reviewedTwo experiments (E1 and E2) were carried out to examine the effects of sward type (ST) on dairy cow performance. Applying grazing pressures (GP) in spring/early summer of 6.35, 4.24 and 3.53 cows/ha in E1, and 6.06, 5.05 and 4.03 cows/ha in E2, created the different ST. From summer to autumn, two stocking rates (SR) were applied to each sward, i.e., high (HR) and low (LR). As GP was reduced, the swards were characterised by progressively higher herbage mass of lower organic matter digestibility (OMD) and live leaf (LL) proportion, termed high (HQ), medium (MQ) and low (LQ) quality. There was no interaction between ST and SR for any animal performance variables except for grazing time. Mean diet OMD was 0.816, 0.803 and 0.794 (s.e. 0.0029) in E1, and 0.793, 0.780 and 0.772 (s.e. 0.0021) in E2, for HQ, MQ and LQ, respectively. The corresponding values for LL were 0.785, 0.740 and 0.709 (s.e. 0.0121) in E1, and 0.825, 0.790 and 0.759 (s.e. 0.0095) in E2. Milk yield per cow was 13.2, 12.2 and 10.6 (s.e. 0.55) kg in E1, and 18.4, 17.5 and 16.2 (s.e. 0.32) kg in E2, for HQ, MQ and LQ, respectively. Milk yields were 11.1 and 12.9 (s.e. 0.46) kg in E1, and 16.4 and 18.3 (s.e. 0.26) kg in E2, for HR and LR, respectively. There was no effect of ST or SR on milk composition or body weight gain. Herbage organic matter intake was 12.8, 12.5 and 11.1 (s.e. 0.28) kg in E2, for HQ, MQ and LQ, respectively. The corresponding values were 11.4 and 12.9 (s.e. 0.23) kg for HR and LR, respectively. The results show that milk yield of springcalving dairy cows is higher in summer when high rather than low stocking rates are applied in spring/early summer. The increased milk production is attributed to higher intake of herbage of higher nutritive value

The effect of herbage mass and allowance on herbage intake, diet composition and ingestive behaviour of dairy cows

peer-reviewedAn experiment was conducted to examine the effects of herbage mass [HM, based on regrowth intervals of 35 (T) and 21 (S) days] and herbage allowance [HA, 20.2 (H) and 12.7 (L) kg organic matter (OM)/cow] on herbage OM intake (OMI), dietary composition and ingestive behaviour of dairy cows. Four groups of three cows each were used in a 4 × 4 greco-latin square design along with four oesophageal-fistulated cows. The treatment periods were 7 days and the squares (SQ) were repeated three times in a balanced way. The experiment was conducted from 11 April to 3 July 1986. The HM (organic matter) above 3 cm was 3064, 3472 and 3515 kg/ha for T and 2395, 1113 and 2396 kg/ha (s.e. 94) for S, for SQ 1 to 3, respectively. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) was 842, 799 and 778 g/kg for T, and 851, 842 and 804 g/kg for S (s.e. 0.9), for SQ 1 to 3, respectively. Sward height (cm) after grazing was 8.5 and 7.6 for T and S, and 9.6 and 6.5 for H and L (s.e. 0.18), respectively. OMI was 15.2, 14.8 and 15.2 kg for TH, 12.3, 11.9 and 10.7 kg for TL, 15.8, 14.8 and 14.5 kg for SH and 11.9, 11.1 and 11.2kg for SL (s.e. 0.24), for SQ 1 to 3, respectively. The OMD of the diet was closely related to proportion of live leaf in the diet and sward OMD. Average biting rate increased with decreasing HM (R2 0.65). Grazing time was 8.93, 9.11 and 9.06 h for TH, 8.13, 7.96 and 7.91 h for TL, 8.96, 9.59 and 9.29 h for SH and 8.56, 9.36 and 8.52 h for SL (s.e. 0.155), for SQ 1 to 3, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that OMI was significantly related to HM (+0.48 kg/t), OMD of the sward (+0.18 kg per 10 g/kg) and pre-experimental milk yield (+0.37 kg/kg) (R2 0.89). The increase in OMI with potential milk yield, as indicated by pre-experimental yield, accounted for 0.80 of the supplementary energy requirements.National Development Plan 2000-200

Solubility data are compiled for metals in liquid zinc

Available data is compiled on the solubilities of various metals in liquid zinc. The temperature dependence of the solubility data is expressed using the empirical straight line relationship existing between the logarithm of the solubility and the reciprocal of the absolute temperature

The Raman Spectrum of Gypsum

In an investigation of the Raman spectra of some ionized substances in aqueous solution, it was found [1] that the frequency shift given by a solution of potassium carbonate was in fairly close agreement with the strongest shift given by calcite. Data for such a comparison in other cases do not appear to exist, for change of frequency on scattering has been measured for only a few crystalline substances. In addition to calcite [2,3,5], these are quartz [2,3,4,5], ice [5], and topaz [6]. No modified frequencies were found in the light scattered by halite [2], NaCl, fluorite [5], CaF2, or by the salts [7] LiF and NaF. In the present paper are described the results of measurements on gypsum, CaSO4•2H20, and a comparison of these with data on ammonium sulfate solution