466 research outputs found
Hawking Radiation on an Ion Ring in the Quantum Regime
This paper discusses a recent proposal for the simulation of acoustic black
holes with ions. The ions are rotating on a ring with an inhomogeneous, but
stationary velocity profile. Phonons cannot leave a region, in which the ion
velocity exceeds the group velocity of the phonons, as light cannot escape from
a black hole. The system is described by a discrete field theory with a
nonlinear dispersion relation. Hawking radiation is emitted by this acoustic
black hole, generating entanglement between the inside and the outside of the
black hole. We study schemes to detect the Hawking effect in this setup.Comment: 42 pages (one column), 17 figures, published revised versio
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Progress towards antihydrogen production by the reaction of cold antiprotons with positronium atoms
An experiment aimed at producing antihydrogen atoms by the reaction of cold antiprotons stored in a Penning trap with injected ground state positronium atoms is described. The apparatus developed in an attempt to observe the charge conjugate reaction using proton projectiles is discussed. Technically feasible upgrades to this apparatus are identified which may allow, in conjunction with the PS200 trap, antihydrogen production at LEAR
Structurally Tractable Uncertain Data
Many data management applications must deal with data which is uncertain,
incomplete, or noisy. However, on existing uncertain data representations, we
cannot tractably perform the important query evaluation tasks of determining
query possibility, certainty, or probability: these problems are hard on
arbitrary uncertain input instances. We thus ask whether we could restrict the
structure of uncertain data so as to guarantee the tractability of exact query
evaluation. We present our tractability results for tree and tree-like
uncertain data, and a vision for probabilistic rule reasoning. We also study
uncertainty about order, proposing a suitable representation, and study
uncertain data conditioned by additional observations.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, 1 table. To appear in SIGMOD/PODS PhD Symposium
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Functional Connectome Analysis of Dopamine Neuron Glutamatergic Connections in Forebrain Regions
In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a subpopulation of dopamine neurons express vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and make glutamatergic connections to nucleus accumbens (NAc) and olfactory tubercle (OT) neurons. However, their glutamatergic connections across the forebrain have not been explored systematically. To visualize dopamine neuron forebrain projections and to enable photostimulation of their axons independent of transmitter status, we virally transfected VTA neurons with channelrhodopsin-2 fused to enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (ChR2-EYFP) and used DATIREScre mice to restrict expression to dopamine neurons. ChR2-EYFP-expressing neurons almost invariably stained for tyrosine hydroxylase, identifying them as dopaminergic. Dopamine neuron axons visualized by ChR2-EYFP fluorescence projected most densely to the striatum, moderately to the amygdala and entorhinal cortex (ERC), sparsely to prefrontal and cingulate cortices, and rarely to the hippocampus. Guided by ChR2-EYFP fluorescence, we recorded systematically from putative principal neurons in target areas and determined the incidence and strength of glutamatergic connections by activating all dopamine neuron terminals impinging on recorded neurons with wide-field photostimulation. This revealed strong glutamatergic connections in the NAc, OT, and ERC; moderate strength connections in the central amygdala; and weak connections in the cingulate cortex. No glutamatergic connections were found in the dorsal striatum, hippocampus, basolateral amygdala, or prefrontal cortex. These results indicate that VTA dopamine neurons elicit widespread, but regionally distinct, glutamatergic signals in the forebrain and begin to define the dopamine neuron excitatory functional connectome
Tunneling dynamics in relativistic and nonrelativistic wave equations
We obtain the solution of a relativistic wave equation and compare it with
the solution of the Schroedinger equation for a source with a sharp onset and
excitation frequencies below cut-off. A scaling of position and time reduces to
a single case all the (below cut-off) nonrelativistic solutions, but no such
simplification holds for the relativistic equation, so that qualitatively
different ``shallow'' and ``deep'' tunneling regimes may be identified
relativistically. The nonrelativistic forerunner at a position beyond the
penetration length of the asymptotic stationary wave does not tunnel;
nevertheless, it arrives at the traversal (semiclassical or
B\"uttiker-Landauer) time "tau". The corresponding relativistic forerunner is
more complex: it oscillates due to the interference between two saddle point
contributions, and may be characterized by two times for the arrival of the
maxima of lower and upper envelops. There is in addition an earlier
relativistic forerunner, right after the causal front, which does tunnel.
Within the penetration length, tunneling is more robust for the precursors of
the relativistic equation
On Multipartite Pure-State Entanglement
We show that pure states of multipartite quantum systems are multiseparable
(i.e. give separable density matrices on tracing any party) if and only if they
have a generalized Schmidt decomposition. Implications of this result for the
quantification of multipartite pure-state entanglement are discussed. Further,
as an application of the techniques used here, we show that any purification of
a bipartite PPT bound entangled state is tri-inseparable, i.e. has none of its
three bipartite partial traces separable.Comment: 8 Pages ReVTeX, 4 figures (eps); v2: Revised terminology, added two
references and other minor changes; v3: Minor changes, added two references,
added author's middle initial; v4: One footnote remove
NMR Simulation of an Eight-State Quantum System
The propagation of excitation along a one-dimensional chain of atoms is
simulated by means of NMR. The physical system used as an analog quantum
computer is a nucleus of 133-Cs (spin 7/2) in a liquid crystalline matrix. The
Hamiltonian of migration is simulated by using a special 7-frequency pulse, and
the dynamics is monitored by following the transfer of population from one of
the 8 spin energy levels to the other.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
A Catching Trap for All Antiproton Seasons
We describe the origin, development, and status of the Los Alamos antiproton
catching trap. Originally designed for the antiproton gravity experiment, it
now is clear that this device can be a source of low-energy antiprotons for a
wide range of physics, both on site, at CERN, and also off site.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, 6 figures available upon request, In honor of
Herbert Walthe
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