Approximate inverse systems of uniform spaces and an application of inverse systems

summary:The fundamental properties of approximate inverse systems of uniform spaces are established. The limit space of an approximate inverse sequence of complete metric spaces is the limit of an inverse sequence of some of these spaces. This has an application to the dimension of the limit space of an approximate inverse system. A topologically complete space with $\operatorname{dim} \leq n$ is the limit of an approximate inverse system of metric polyhedra of $\operatorname{dim} \leq n$. A completely metrizable separable space with $\operatorname{dim} \leq n$ is the limit of an inverse sequence of locally finite polyhedra of $\operatorname{dim} \leq n$. Finally, a new proof is derived of the important equality $\operatorname{dim} = \operatorname{Ind}$ for metric spaces

Second-line antiretroviral therapy in a workplace and community-based treatment programme in South Africa: determinants of virological outcome.

: Background: As antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes in resource-limited settings mature, more patients are experiencing virological failure. Without resistance testing, deciding who should switch to second-line ART can be difficult. The consequences for second-line outcomes are unclear. In a workplace- and community-based multi-site programme, with 6-monthly virological monitoring, we describe outcomes and predictors of viral suppression on second-line, protease inhibitor-based ART.Methods: We used prospectively collected clinic data from patients commencing first-line ART between 1/1/03 and 31/12/08 to construct a study cohort of patients switched to second-line ART in the presence of a viral load (VL) ?400 copies/ml. Predictors of VL<400 copies/ml within 15 months of switch were assessed using modified Poisson regression to estimate risk ratios.Results: 205 workplace patients (91.7% male; median age 43 yrs) and 212 community patients (38.7% male; median age 36 yrs) switched regimens. At switch compared to community patients, workplace patients had a longer duration of viraemia, higher VL, lower CD4 count, and higher reported non-adherence on first-line ART. Non-adherence was the reported reason for switching in a higher proportion of workplace patients. Following switch, 48.3% (workplace) and 72.0% (community) achieved VL<400, with non-adherence (17.9% vs. 1.4%) and virological rebound (35.6% vs. 13.2% with available measures) reported more commonly in the workplace programme. In adjusted analysis of the workplace programme, lower switch VL and younger age were associated with VL<400. In the community programme, shorter duration of viraemia, higher CD4 count and transfers into programme on ART were associated with VL<400.Conclusion: High levels of viral suppression on second-line ART can be, but are not always, achieved in multi-site treatment programmes with both individual- and programme-level factors influencing outcomes. Strategies to support both healthcare workers and patients during this switch period need to be evaluated; sub-optimal adherence, particularly in the workplace programme must be addressed

Ultra-high-Q optoelectronic oscillator based on bilaterally coupled loops

An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on bilateral coupling between two individual optoelectronic loops is demonstrated. The resulting OEO has two modes of operation, in which the individual loops either oscillate or act as IIR filters. A Q-factor greater than 1010 at 5.8 GHz is observed

High-Q wavelength division multiplexed optoelectronic oscillator based on a cascaded multi-loop topology

A WDM optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on a cascaded optical multi-loop configuration and multiple photodiodes is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. By employing up to three lasers widely separated in wavelength along with two cascaded multi-loop fiber sections and two photodiodes, we demonstrate OEO topologies that scale up to six effective loops revealing an ultra-high quality factor in excess of 1010 and a phase noise performance down to −119 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset

CHANGES IN SPLIT VELOCITIES DURING SPRINT PERFORMANCE DEVELOPMENT

Sprint times and split velocities are invaluable measures for coaches and athletes monitoring sprint training and performance development. This study analysed sprint times and 10 m split velocities as performance of three developing athletes developed over a five week training period. All significantly improved their 60 m sprint times over the training period (p < 0.05). Sprint performance developed individually with a tendency for maximal velocities to increase early in the training period and start and acceleration velocities later. All athletes’ performances fluctuated between weeks, possibly due to a period of experimental learning in their process of skill development. This study will inform further analysis of the kinematic and kinetic parameters determining velocity, with the aim of identifying the key variables responsible for these changes

Establishing a federal Cyprus

No abstract available

LOWER LIMB JOINT KINETICS IN THE SPRINT START PUSH-OFF

Previous studies have analysed lower limb joint kinetics during sprint performance, but not addressed the earliest contact out of the blocks. The aim of this study was to report lower limb joint moments and powers during the first stance phase of the sprint push-off. One competitive male sprinter performed 10 maximal sprint starts. An automatic motion analysis system (CODA, 200 Hz) with synchronised force plate data (1000 Hz) were used to collect kinematic profiles at the hip, knee and ankle and ground reaction forces for the first stance phase. Cluster markers defined the orientation of the lower limb segments in 3D. Knee and hip kinetics differed to the later phases of sprint, whereas similarities were found at the ankle. This study highlights the need for the push-off phase to be considered separately from both research and practical perspectives