29,118 research outputs found
Faunal and erosional events in the Eastern Tethyan Sea across the K/T boundary
A regional pattern of three closely spaced erosional events at and above the K/T boundary was determined from six Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sections in the Negev of Israel. The sections were collected from locations throughout the central and northern Negev. All sections are lithologically similar. The Maastrichtian consists of a sequence of limestone beds intercalated with thin marly beds. In some sections, the last limestone bed is followed by 1 to 2 m of calcareous marls grading upwards into several meters of grey shale. In other sections the limestone bed is followed directly by grey shale with the contact containing particles of limestone and marl. A 5 to 20 cm thick dark grey organic-rich clay layer is present about 1.5 to 2.5 m above the base of the grey shale. The grey shale grades upwards into increasingly carbonate rich marls. No unconformities are apparent in field outcrops. During field collection the dark grey clay layer was believed to represent the K/T boundary clay. Microfossil analysis however identified the boundary at the base of the grey shale. The black shale represents a low productivity anoxic event similar to, but younger than, the K/T boundary clay in other K/T boundary sections. High resolution planktic foraminiferal and carbonate analysis of these sections (at 5 to 10 cm intervals) yield surprising results. The K/T boundary is marked by an erosional event which removed part or all of the uppermost Maastrichtian marls above the last limestone bed. Percent carbonate data for four Negev sections are illustrated and show the regional similarities in carbonate sedimentation. Faunal and carbonate data from the Negev sections thus show three closely spaced short erosional events at the K/T boundary and within the first 50,000 to 100,000 years of the Danian. These K/T boundary erosional events may represent global climatic or paleoceanographic events
Eigenfunctions for smooth expanding circle maps
We construct a real-analytic circle map for which the corresponding
Perron-Frobenius operator has a real-analytic eigenfunction with an eigenvalue
outside the essential spectral radius when acting upon -functions.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Polarization properties of real aluminum mirrors; I. Influence of the aluminum oxide layer
In polarimetry it is important to characterize the polarization properties of
the instrument itself to disentangle real astrophysical signals from
instrumental effects. This article deals with the accurate measurement and
modeling of the polarization properties of real aluminum mirrors, as used in
astronomical telescopes. Main goals are the characterization of the aluminum
oxide layer thickness at different times after evaporation and its influence on
the polarization properties of the mirror. The full polarization properties of
an aluminum mirror are measured with Mueller matrix ellipsometry at different
incidence angles and wavelengths. The best fit of theoretical Mueller matrices
to all measurements simultaneously is obtained by taking into account a model
of bulk aluminum with a thin aluminum oxide film on top of it. Full Mueller
matrix measurements of a mirror are obtained with an absolute accuracy of ~1%
after calibration. The determined layer thicknesses indicate logarithmic growth
in the first few hours after evaporation, but it remains stable at a value of
4.12+/-0.08 nm on the long term. Although the aluminum oxide layer is
established to be thin, it is necessary to consider it to accurately describe
the mirror's polarization properties.Comment: accepted for publication in PAS
Thermal performance of multilayer insulations Interim report
Heat flux and optical property measurement for multilayer insulatio
Irrelevant Interactions without Composite Operators - A Remark on the Universality of Second Order Phase Transitions
We study the critical behaviour of symmetric theory including
irrelevant terms of the form in the bare action,
where is the UV cutoff (corresponding e.g. to the inverse lattice
spacing for a spin system). The main technical tool is renormalization theory
based on the flow equations of the renormalization group which permits to
establish the required convergence statements in generality and rigour. As a
consequence the effect of irrelevant terms on the critical behaviour may be
studied to any order without using renormalization theory for composite
operators. This is a technical simplification and seems preferable from the
physical point of view. In this short note we restrict for simplicity to the
symmetry class of the Ising model, i.e. one component theory. The
method is general, however.Comment: 13 page
Phase transition and correlation decay in Coupled Map Lattices
For a Coupled Map Lattice with a specific strong coupling emulating
Stavskaya's probabilistic cellular automata, we prove the existence of a phase
transition using a Peierls argument, and exponential convergence to the
invariant measures for a wide class of initial states using a technique of
decoupling originally developed for weak coupling. This implies the exponential
decay, in space and in time, of the correlation functions of the invariant
measures
Flow Equations for N Point Functions and Bound States
We discuss the exact renormalization group or flow equation for the effective
action and its decomposition into one particle irreducible N point functions.
With the help of a truncated flow equation for the four point function we study
the bound state problem for scalar fields. A combination of analytic and
numerical methods is proposed, which is applied to the Wick-Cutkosky model and
a QCD-motivated interaction. We present results for the bound state masses and
the Bethe-Salpeter wave function. (Figs. 1-4 attached as separate uuencoded
post-script files.)Comment: 17 pages, HD-THEP-93-3
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Blue-light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:
To assess whether blue-light filtering spectacle lenses impart effects on visual function, provide protection to the macula, or both. We will also examine potential effects on the sleep-wake cycle
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