20 research outputs found
Prinos suve materije i produkcija proteina lucerke, ježevice, livadskog vijuka, engleskog ljulja i njihovih smeÅ”a sa razliÄitim dozama azotnog Äubriva
Grass-leguminous mixtures and pure crops are important for ensuring of sufficient quantities of high quality roughage, especially in conditions of low land livestock production, in conditions of farm housing system as well as in the system of free grazing of animals. Studies were carried out on pure crops of three grass species and their mixtures with different component ratios. Fertilization using different doses of nitrogen led to considerable increase of yield of pure crops and their mixtures. The highest yields were recorded in treatment with 100 kgN ha- 1, and the lowest yield in treatment without fertilization. Fertilization led to decrease of share of alfalfa, meadow fescue and perennial ryegrass in dry matter, and increased the content of cocksfoot. The highest protein yield of pure crops was recorded for perennial ryegrass - 495.5, and in mixtures, the highest protein yield was recorded for four component mixture of alfalfa, cocksfoot, meadow fescue and perennial ryegrass of 568.0 kg ha-1. Fertilization with N increased protein yield considerably in pure crops as well as in their mixtures.Travno-leguminozne smeÅ”e kao i usevi Äistih kultura su od znaÄaja za obezbeÄenje kvalitetne kabaste stoÄne hrane, naroÄito u uslovima nizijskog stoÄarstva, u uslovima farmskog držanja kao i pri slobodnom sistemu ispaÅ”e životinja. Istraživanja su obavljena na Äistim usevima tri vrste trava i lucerke, najzastupljenije leguminoze kod nas, kao i njihovih smeÅ”a u razliÄitom odnosu uÄeÅ”Äa pojedinih komponenti. Äubrenje razliÄitim koliÄinama azota dovelo je do znaÄajnog poveÄanja prinosa kako Äistih useva tako i njihovih smeÅ”a. NajveÄim prinosima odlikuju se tretmani sa 100 kgN ha-1, a najmanjim tretmani bez Äubrenja. Äubrenje je smanjilo sadržaj lucerke, livadskog vijuka i engleskog ljulja u suvoj materiji travnjaka, a poveÄalo sadržaj ježevice. NajveÄim prinosom proteina od Äistih useva odlikuje se engleski ljulj (495,5 kg ha-1), a od smeÅ”a Äetvorokomponentna smeÅ”a lucerke, ježevice, livadskog vijuka i engleskog ljulja (568,0 kg ha-1). Äubrenje N je znaÄajno poveÄalo prinos proteina kako kod Äistih useva tako i kod njihovih smeÅ”a
Uticaj telesne mase koza i laktacije po redu na porast jaradi u dojnom periodu
The paper presents results of investigation of milk yield by lactation, by order, and mother's body weight on growth rate of kids of the domestic Balkan goat. Daily weight gains of 376 single kids (168 male and 208 female), in three monthly intervals, and their final body weight at 90 days of age were established. Variability of analyzed traits was presented using descriptive statistics parameters, and differences of growth traits for weight gain of kids resulting from the effect of milk yield of female goats by order of lactation were investigated by single analysis of variance. The effect of independent variables, mothers' milk yield and body weight, on body weight of kids was tested using multiple regression analysis. During the entire suckling period, established average values for kids body weight differed significantly (P lt 0.001), increasing from the 1st toward later lactations. At 90 days of age the lowest values were established in kids from the youngest mothers (11.86 kg), while for kids of mothers in the fourth or later lactations these values were higher (13.93 kg). Coefficients of determination indicate that the variability percentage for individual growth traits of kids was in the 0.08 - 0.17 interval, indicating its significance. Both 'b' coefficients (b1 and b2) are positive and statistically highly significant, except for coefficient b2 in the analysis of body weight of kids at birth. The positive sign and high statistical significance indicate a pronounced effect of mother's milk yield and body weight on the body weight of kids up to 90 days of age.U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati ispitivanja uticaja koliÄine mleka u laktaciji po redu, i telesne mase majke na porast jaradi domaÄe balkanske koze do 90 dana. U cilju ispitivanja razvoja telesne mase jaradi u zavisnosti od koliÄine mleka u laktaciji po redu u toku dojnog perioda ukupno je izmereno 376 jaradi jedinaca (168 muÅ”kih i 208 ženskih). Varijabilnost analiziranih osobina je prikazana parametrima deskriptivne statistike, dok su razlike u osobinama porasta jaradi koje su nastale pod uticajem mleÄosti koza u laktaciji po redu, ispitivane jednostrukom analizom varijanse. ViÅ”estruko regresionom analizom ispitivan je uticaj nezavisno promenljivih veliÄina, mleÄnost majke i telesna masa majke, na porast jaradi. UtvrÄene vrednosti telesnih masa u toku Äitavog dojnog perioda znaÄajno su se razlikovale (P lt 0,001) i poveÄavale od prve ka kasnijim laktacijama, pri Äemu su u uzrastu od 90 dana najmanje vrednosti utvrÄene kod jaradi od najmlaÄih koza (11,86 kg), dok su kod jaradi Äije su majke bile u Äetvrtoj i kasnijim laktacijama te vrednosti iznosile 13,93 kg. Koeficijenti determinacije ukazuju na to da se procenat varijabilnosti pojedinih osobina porasta jaradi nalazio u intervalu od 0,08 do 0,17, Å”to ukazuje na njihovu znaÄajnost. Oba 'b' koeficijenta (b1 i b2) su pozitivna i statistiÄki visoko znaÄajna, osim koeficijenta b2 u analizi telesne mase jaradi pri roÄenju. Pozitivni predznak i visoka statistiÄka znaÄajnost ukazuju na izražen uticaj mleÄnosti i telesne mase majki na porast jaradi do 90 dana
Electrotactile Communication via Matrix Electrode Placed on the Torso Using Fast Calibration, and Static vs. Dynamic Encoding
Electrotactile stimulation is a technology that reproducibly elicits tactile sensations and can be used as an alternative channel to communicate information to the user. The presented work is a part of an effort to develop this technology into an unobtrusive communication tool for first responders. In this study, the aim was to compare the success rate (SR) between discriminating stimulation at six spatial locations (static encoding) and recognizing six spatio-temporal patterns where pads are activated sequentially in a predetermined order (dynamic encoding). Additionally, a procedure for a fast amplitude calibration, that includes a semi-automated initialization and an optional manual adjustment, was employed and evaluated. Twenty subjects, including twelve first responders, participated in the study. The electrode comprising the 3 Ć 2 matrix of pads was placed on the lateral torso. The results showed that high SRs could be achieved for both types of message encoding after a short learning phase; however, the dynamic approach led to a statistically significant improvement in messages recognition (SR of 93.3%), compared to static stimulation (SR of 83.3%). The proposed calibration procedure was also effective since in 83.8% of the cases the subjects did not need to adjust the stimulation amplitude manually
Effects of Terminal Dimethylation and Metal Coordination of Proline-2-formylpyridine Thiosemicarbazone Hybrids on Lipophilicity, Antiproliferative Activity, and hR2 RNR Inhibition
High-valent [MnFe] and [FeFe] cofactors in ribonucleotide reductases
Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are essential for DNA synthesis in most
organisms. In class-Ic RNR from Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), a MnFe cofactor in
subunit R2 forms the site required for enzyme activity, instead of an FeFe
cofactor plus a redox-active tyrosine in class-Ia RNRs, for example in mouse
(Mus musculus, Mm). For R2 proteins from Ct and Mm, either grown in the
presence of, or reconstituted with Mn and Fe ions, structural and electronic
properties of higher valence MnFe and FeFe sites were determined by X-ray
absorption spectroscopy and complementary techniques, in combination with
bond-valence-sum and density functional theory calculations. At least ten
different cofactor species could be tentatively distinguished. In Ct R2, two
different Mn(IV)Fe(III) site configurations were assigned either
L4MnIV(Ī¼O)2FeIIIL4 (metalāmetal distance of ~ 2.75 Ć
, L = ligand) prevailing
in metal-grown R2, or L4MnIV(Ī¼O)(Ī¼OH)FeIIIL4 (~ 2.90 Ć
) dominating in metal-
reconstituted R2. Specific spectroscopic features were attributed to an
Fe(IV)Fe(III) site (~ 2.55 Ć
) with a L4FeIV(Ī¼O)2FeIIIL3 core structure.
Several Mn,Fe(III)Fe(III) (~ 2.9ā3.1 Ć
) and Mn,Fe(III)Fe(II) species (~
3.3ā3.4 Ć
) likely showed 5-coordinated Mn(III) or Fe(III). Rapid X-ray
photoreduction of iron and shorter metalāmetal distances in the high-valent
states suggested radiation-induced modifications in most crystal structures of
R2. The actual configuration of the MnFe and FeFe cofactors seems to depend on
assembly sequences, bound metal type, valence state, and previous catalytic
activity involving subunit R1. In Ct R2, the protonation of a bridging oxide
in the MnIV(Ī¼O)(Ī¼OH)FeIII core may be important for preventing premature site
reduction and initiation of the radical chemistry in R1
Nitrogen dynamics in grass-legume associations; how can fixed nitrogen use be optimised?
The composition of grass-legume associations both modifies and is modified by the N cycle. The identity of the plants in the association has an effect on crop-level fixed-N inputs, N transfer while the association is in place, and the N remaining during the rest of the crop rotation cycle. The N used by the grass that is generated by the legume varies: it can reach 60% in white-clover-based associations, 50% in red-clover-based associations and 40% in lucerne-based associations. The percentage of legumes that optimises N transfer to grasses in grazed pastures (30%) is less than the percentage that maximises N fixation in hay meadows (70%). Making improvements to plants so that they can be used in associations, selecting certain plant varieties, and managing plant cover (e.g., via fertilisation, defoliation) are major tools that can be used to fine-tune the balance between the plants composing grass-legume associations. To some degree, these tools can also be used to influence relative contributions to the N balance of crop rotation systems.Free full text: [http://www.afpf-asso.fr/download.php?type=1&id=2085&statut=0