4,888 research outputs found
Experimental active and passive dosimetry systems for the NASA Skylab program
Active and passive dosimetry instrumentation to measure absorbed dose, charged particle spectra, and linear energy transfer spectra inside the command module and orbital workshop on the Skylab program were developed and tested. The active dosimetry system consists of one integral unit employing both a tissue equivalent ionization chamber and silicon solid state detectors. The instrument measures dose rates from 0.2 millirad/hour to 25 rads/hour, linear energy transfer spectra from 2.8 to 42.4 Kev/micron, and the proton and alpha particle energy spectra from 0.5 to 75 Mev. The active dosimeter is equipped with a portable radiation sensor for use in astronaut on-body and spacecraft shielding surveys during passage of the Skylab through significant space radiations. Data are transmitted in real time or are recorded by onboard spacecraft tape recorder for rapid evaluation of the radiation levels. The passive dosimetry systems consist of twelve (12) hard-mounted assemblies, each containing a variety of passive radiation sensors which are recoverable at the end of the mission for analysis
Asymmetric Dual Axis Energy Recovery Linac for Ultra-High Flux sources of coherent X-ray/THz radiation: Investigations Towards its Ultimate Performance
In order for sources of coherent high brightness and intensity THz and X-Ray
radiation to be accepted by university or industrial R&D laboratories, truly
compact, high current and efficient particle accelerators are required. The
demand for compactness and efficiency can be satisfied by superconducting RF
energy recovery linear accelerators (SRF ERL) allowing effectively minimising
the footprint and maximising the efficiency of the system. However such set-ups
are affected by regenerative beam-break up (BBU) instabilities which limit the
beam current and may terminate the beam transport as well as energy
recuperation. In this paper we suggest and discuss a SRF ERL with asymmetric
configuration of resonantly coupled accelerating and decelerating cavities. In
this type of SRF ERL an electron bunch is passing through accelerating and
decelerating cavities once and, as we show in this case, the regenerative BBU
instability can be minimised allowing high currents to be achieved. We study
the BBU start current in such an asymmetric ERL via analytical and numerical
models and discuss the properties of such a system
Emotional and Adrenocortical Responses of Infants to the Strange Situation: The Differential Function of Emotional Expression
The aim of the study was to investigate biobehavioural organisation in infants with different qualities of attachment. Quality of attachment (security and disorganisation), emotional expression, and adrenocortical stress reactivity were investigated in a sample of 106 infants observed during Ainsworth’s Strange Situation at the age of 12 months. In addition, behavioural inhibition was assessed from maternal reports. As expected, securely attached infants did not show an adrenocortical response. Regarding the traditionally defined insecurely attached groups, adrenocortical activation during the strange situation was found for the ambivalent group, but not for the avoidant one. Previous ndings of increased adrenocortical activity in disorganised infants could not be replicated. In line with previous ndings, adrenocortical activation was most prominent in insecure infants with high behavioural inhibition indicating the function of a secure attachment relationship as a social buffer against less adaptive temperamental dispositions. Additional analyses indicated that adrenocortical reactivity and behavioural distress were not based on common activation processes. Biobehavioural associations within the different attachment groups suggest that biobehavioural processes in securely attached infants may be different from those in insecurely attached and disorganised groups. Whereas a coping model may be applied to describe the biobehavioural organisation of secure infants, an arousal model explanation may be more appropriate for the other groups
Late biological effects of heavy charged particles: Cataracts, vascular injury and life shortening in mice
Risks associated with extended habitation in a space environment, particularly hazards to space workers that might result from exposure to high energy heavy ion particles (HZE), were studied. Biological effects of HZE were investigated in mice to assess their potential adverse health hazards. The potential effects of HZE particles on the crystalline lens of the eye and the carcinogenic effects and blood vessel (vascular) damage from radiation were evaluated by a risk assessment. Animal experiments to evaluate dose response relationships for tumor induction/promotion and for vascular injury were introduced. Cataract productions and preliminary results on cacinogenic and vascular effects are presented for perspective
How Much of the Web Is Archived?
Although the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine is the largest and most
well-known web archive, there have been a number of public web archives that
have emerged in the last several years. With varying resources, audiences and
collection development policies, these archives have varying levels of overlap
with each other. While individual archives can be measured in terms of number
of URIs, number of copies per URI, and intersection with other archives, to
date there has been no answer to the question "How much of the Web is
archived?" We study the question by approximating the Web using sample URIs
from DMOZ, Delicious, Bitly, and search engine indexes; and, counting the
number of copies of the sample URIs exist in various public web archives. Each
sample set provides its own bias. The results from our sample sets indicate
that range from 35%-90% of the Web has at least one archived copy, 17%-49% has
between 2-5 copies, 1%-8% has 6-10 copies, and 8%-63% has more than 10 copies
in public web archives. The number of URI copies varies as a function of time,
but no more than 31.3% of URIs are archived more than once per month.Comment: This is the long version of the short paper by the same title
published at JCDL'11. 10 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables. Version 2 includes minor
typographical correction
Hematological response in sheep given protracted exposures to Co 60 gamma radiation
Leukocyte count changes in sheep after prolonged exposure to gamma irradiation at rate of 1.9 R/h
Topological Qubit Design and Leakage
We examine how best to design qubits for use in topological quantum
computation. These qubits are topological Hilbert spaces associated with small
groups of anyons. Op- erations are performed on these by exchanging the anyons.
One might argue that, in order to have as many simple single qubit operations
as possible, the number of anyons per group should be maximized. However, we
show that there is a maximal number of particles per qubit, namely 4, and more
generally a maximal number of particles for qudits of dimension d. We also look
at the possibility of having topological qubits for which one can perform
two-qubit gates without leakage into non-computational states. It turns out
that the requirement that all two-qubit gates are leakage free is very
restrictive and this property can only be realized for two-qubit systems
related to Ising-like anyon models, which do not allow for universal quantum
computation by braiding. Our results follow directly from the representation
theory of braid groups which means they are valid for all anyon models. We also
make some remarks on generalizations to other exchange groups.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
Student Perceptions of the Professional Behavior of Faculty Physicians
This study was conducted to obtain a baseline understanding of the professional behavior of clinical faculty physicians from the medical students’ perspective. Students completed a professionalism evaluation of supervising faculty at the end of each required third-year clerkship over a one year period. Results were analyzed by specific behaviors and across clerkships. Differences were noted in the frequency of the types of problems seen, and varied by clerkship discipline. The most common transgressions of professional behavior reported were the use of derogatory language towards other services or patients and the disrespectful treatment of others. Our study served to provide objective feedback to the faculty about student perceptions of faculty as role models for professionalism while on clinical rotations
Evaluating the Temporal Coherence of Archived Pages
PDF of a powerpoint presentation from the International Internet Preservation Consortium (IIPC) 2015 Conference at Stanford University, April 28, 2015. Also available on Slideshare.https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/computerscience_presentations/1004/thumbnail.jp
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