Detection of elevated CO2 responsive QTLs for yield and its components in rice

A mapping population of IR24 (indica) chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) in Asominori (japonica) background was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for response to elevated CO2 in yield and its components of rice in free air CO2 enrichment (FACE, atmospheric CO2 plus 200 ìmol CO2• mol-1) and natural atmospheric CO2 (Ambient) conditions. Transgressive segregation and continuous distribution in the CSSLs were observed for elevated CO2 response values (the value in FACE minus that in Ambient), in panicle number per plant (PN), grain number per panicle (GN), 1000 grain weight (GW) and yield per plant (YD), suggesting that all the tested traits responding to elevated CO2 were quantitatively inherited. Three (qYD-1, qYD-10, qYD-12), two (qPN-5, qPN-10) and one (qGN-1) QTLs were detected for CO2 response to YD, PN and GN, respectively, but non-QTL for GW. Interestingly, both qYD-1 and qGN-1 were located at the same marker interval of C112-C2340, on chromosome 1, and had all positive response values from IR24. The results might be useful for understanding the genetic basis for responding to elevated CO2 and breeding new rice varieties adapted to the higher atmospheric CO2environment in the future

Yield components and its conformation responded to elevated atmospheric CO2 in three rice (Oryza sativa L.) generations

During three rice generations in Asominori (Japonica) and IR24 (Indica), the yield and its components — namely grain yield per plant, fertile tillers, 1000-grain weight, grain number per panicle — were greater under Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE, 200 μmol CO2 · mol-1 above current levels) than those under current CO2 concentration (Ambient, about 370 μmol CO2 · mol-1). And significant difference in generations, varieties, and CO2 concentrations existed in the yield and its components of Asominori and IR24. For the third generation planted under FACE, the dry matter weight of a single main stem and its components in Asominori and IR24 were higher under FACE than those under Ambient from the date of anthesis to maturation. As compared with that under Ambient, dry weight per day, filling power and remobilized C reserve under FACE increased in Asominori and IR24, but the transfer ratio of assimilate and harvest index (HI) declined under FACE. The degree of response to FACE in Asominori and IR24 showed that a positive response to long term treatment of elevated CO2

Concurrence Vectors in Arbitrary Multipartite Quantum Systems

For a given pure state of multipartite system, the concurrence vector is defined by employing the defining representation of generators of the corresponding rotation groups. The norm of concurrence vector is considered as a measure of entanglement. For multipartite pure state, the concurrence vector is regarded as the direct sum of concurrence subvectors in the sense that each subvector is associated with a pair of particles. It is proposed to use the norm of each subvector as the contribution of the corresponding pair in entanglement of the system.Comment: 9 pages, v3, section 3 is revise

The Euler Number of Bloch States Manifold and the Quantum Phases in Gapped Fermionic Systems

We propose a topological Euler number to characterize nontrivial topological phases of gapped fermionic systems, which originates from the Gauss-Bonnet theorem on the Riemannian structure of Bloch states established by the real part of the quantum geometric tensor in momentum space. Meanwhile, the imaginary part of the geometric tensor corresponds to the Berry curvature which leads to the Chern number characterization. We discuss the topological numbers induced by the geometric tensor analytically in a general two-band model. As an example, we show that the zero-temperature phase diagram of a transverse field XY spin chain can be distinguished by the Euler characteristic number of the Bloch states manifold in a (1+1)-dimensional Bloch momentum space

Nonsaturating magnetoresistance and nontrivial band topology of type-II Weyl semimetal NbIrTe4

Weyl semimetals, characterized by nodal points in the bulk and Fermi arc states on the surface, have recently attracted extensive attention due to the potential application on low energy consumption electronic materials. In this report, the thermodynamic and transport properties of a theoretically predicted Weyl semimetal NbIrTe4 is measured in high magnetic fields up to 35 T and low temperatures down to 0.4 K. Remarkably, NbIrTe4 exhibits a nonsaturating transverse magnetoresistance which follows a power-law dependence in B. Low-field Hall measurements reveal that hole-like carriers dominate the transport for T $>$ 80 K, while the significant enhancement of electron mobilities with lowering T results in a non-negligible contribution from electron-like carriers which is responsible for the observed non-linear Hall resistivity at low T. The Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of the Hall resistivity under high B give the light effective masses of charge carriers and the nontrivial Berry phase associated with Weyl fermions. Further first-principles calculations confirm the existence of 16 Weyl points located at kz = 0, $\pm$0.02 and $\pm$0.2 planes in the Brillouin zone.Comment: 5 figures, 1 tabl