COVID-19-related challenges in dental education: experiences from Australia, Brazil, and the USA

Aim: To describe the management of dental education in three dental schools during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods: Adopted strategies in the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Brazil, University of Pittsburgh (UP), USA, and Griffith University (GU), Australia were detailed. Results: In the UFPB, all on-site teaching was suspended, and resources for distance learning set up as a supplementary semester to be available as face to face classes later. A protocol for clinical care followed safety measures recommended by Brazilian official health institutions. The adequacy of the physical structure, human resources, and personal protective equipment (PPE) acquisition for the return to clinical activities are currently under discussion. In the UP, learning activities were shifted to virtual teaching using lecture recordings and live sections. All elective patients care was postponed. Urgent dental cases were discussed via teledentistry. The physical layout of the dental clinics and pre-clinical laboratories were changed, allowing a safe distance between students. In the GU, all clinical and pre-clinical activities were cancelled, and theoretical activities were maintained online for all students. Several clinically based scenarios where created and delivered in the format of online problem-based learning. The reception area was redesigned, ensuring social distancing. Safety measures follow the Australia Dental Association. Conclusions: Dealing with dental education depends on the stage of the epidemic and the characteristics of each country

Métodos e estratégias de melhoramento de espécies perenes: estado da arte e perspectivas.

Palestra

Avaliação do efeito de extratos de folha de tomateiro sobre o desenvolvimento e sobrevivência larval de Spodoptera frugiperda.

A lagarta-do-cartucho-do-milho (Spodoptera frugiperda) é a principal praga do milho no Brasil. A identificação de resistência natural de genótipos de milho e de outros hospedeiros é uma das abordagens para enfrentamento dessa praga. Alguns semioquímicos encontrados nos tecidos das plantas têm sido avaliados como ativos sobre a biologia dessa praga, entre eles a alfa-tomatina, o ácido clorogênico e a rutina. Essas três substâncias são encontradas em diversas estruturas de plantas do gênero Lycopersicon. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar, através de bioensaios em laboratório, o potencial de extratos de folhas de tomateiro no controle de S. frugiperda, a exemplo do extrato de folhas de nim, planta exaustivamente estudada para essa finalidade. Testes de não preferência demonstraram concentração de larvas de S. frugiperda duas vezes maior sobre as folhas de milho em relação às de tomateiro. A sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento do inseto nos primeiros sete dias após eclosão dos ovos foram avaliados em folhas de tomateiro e comparados ao desempenho em folhas de milho. Houve diferença significativa entre o desempenho nos dois tipos de folhas, sendo que no tomateiro a biomassa acumulada e a sobrevivência foram significativamente menores. O teste utilizando extratos aquosos de folhas de tomateiro e de nim incorporados a dieta artificial demonstraram não haver diferença entre a dieta artificial com ou sem o extrato de tomateiro após 11 dias. Entretanto, o extrato de nim apresentou diferença significativa na concentração estudada, comprovando a eficiência do extrato e a adequação da metodologia de avaliação utilizada.bitstream/item/101766/1/bol-93.pd

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research