Studies on the mechanical stretchability of transparent conductive film based on graphene-metal nanowire structures

Transparent electrodes with superior flexibility and stretchability as well as good electrical and optical properties are required for applications in wearable electronics with comfort designs and high performances. Here, we present hybrid nanostructures as stretchable and transparent electrodes based on graphene and networks of metal nanowires, and investigate their optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. High electrical and optical characteristics, superb bendability (folded in half), excellent stretchability (10,000 times in stretching cycles with 100% in tensile strain toward a uniaxial direction and 30% in tensile strain toward a multi-axial direction), strong robustness against electrical breakdown and thermal oxidation were obtained through comprehensive study. We believe that these results suggest a substantial promise application in future electronicsopen1

Disgust sensitivity relates to attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women across 31 nations

Previous work has reported a relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice toward various social groups, including gay men and lesbian women. It is currently unknown whether this association is present across cultures, or specific to North America. Analyses of survey data from adult heterosexuals (N = 11,200) from 31 countries showed a small relation between pathogen disgust sensitivity (an individual-difference measure of pathogen-avoidance motivations) and measures of antigay attitudes. Analyses also showed that pathogen disgust sensitivity relates not only to antipathy toward gay men and lesbians, but also to negativity toward other groups, in particular those associated with violations of traditional sexual norms (e.g., prostitutes). These results suggest that the association between pathogen-avoidance motivations and antigay attitudes is relatively stable across cultures and is a manifestation of a more general relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice towards groups associated with sexual norm violations

Effect of Menopause, Anthropometry, Nutrition and Lifestyle on Bone Status of Women in the Northern Mediterranean

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of age, menopause, anthropometry, nutrition and lifestyle on bone status of women of the Northern Mediterranean Region of Croatia, which is considered the Adriatic Coast of Southeast Europe. Methods: Quantitative ultrasound measurement was performed on the women‘s right heel and the values of the primary parameters (the Broad Ultrasonic Attenuation and the Speed of Sound [BUA and SOS]) were obtained. Dietary data were assessed with specially designed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the influence of age and anthropometry, as well as hormonal and nutritional factors on BUA and SOS. Results: In all female subjects, both primary parameters were predicted by menopause. Among nutrition and lifestyle factors, carbohydrates were significant predictors for BUA (β = -0.151, p < 0.05), and smoking is significant predictor for SOS (β = -0.113, p < 0.05). In premenopausal women, BUA is significantly predicted by body height (β = 0.71, p < 0.05) and body mass index (β = 1.44, p < 0.05). In postmenopausal women, both primary parameters are strongly predicted by age and anthropometric parameters. Besides, SOS is significantly predicted by smoking (β = -0.18, p < 0.01) and alcohol (β = -0.13, p < 0.05). Besides, SOS is significantly predicted by smoking (β = -0.18, p < 0.01) and alcohol (β = -0.13, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Bone quality in women from the Croatian Mediterranean Region mostly depends on their hormonal status. When the effect of menopause is controlled, bone status becomes dependent on age and anthropometry. Keywords: Anthropometry, lifestyle, menopause, nutrition, quantitative ultrasound "Efecto de la Menopausia, la Antropometría, la Nutrición y el Estilo de Vida Sobre la Condición Ósea de las Mujeres en el Mediterráneo Norte" S Pavicic Zezelj, O Cvijanovic, V Micovic, D Bobinac, Z Crncevic-Orlic, G Malatestinic RESUMEN Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue explorar la influencia de la edad, la menopausia, la antropometría, la nutrición y el estilo de vida en la condición ósea de las mujeres de la región mediterránea norteña de Croacia, que es considerada la Costa Adriática del Sudeste de Europa. Métodos: Se realizó una medicación cuantitativa mediante ultrasonido en el talón derecho de las mujeres y se obtuvieron los valores de los parámetros primarios (la atenuación del ultrasonido de banda ancha y la velocidad del sonido [AUB y VDS]). Los datos dietéticos fueron evaluados mediante un cuestionario semi-cuantitativo de frecuencia de alimentos, especialmente diseñado. Se empleo el análisis de regresión múltiple para examinar la influencia de la edad y la antropometría, así como los factores hormonales y nutritivos sobre AUB y VDS. Resultados: En todas las sujetos hembras, ambos parámetros primarios fueron predichos por la menopausia. Entre los factores nutrición y estilo de vida, los carbohidratos fueron predictores significativas de para AUB (ß = -0.151, p < 0.05), y fumar es el predictor significativo para VDS (ß = -0.113, p < 0.05). En las mujeres premenopáusicas, la AUB es predicha significativamente por la altura del cuerpo (ß = 0.71, < 0.05) y el índice de masa corporal (ß = 1.44, p < 0.05). En las mujeres postmenopáusicas, ambos parámetros primarios son fuertemente predichos por la edad y los parámetros antropométricos. Además, la VDS es predicha significativamente por el hábito de fumar (ß = -0.18, p < 0.01) y el alcohol (ß = -0.13, p < 0.05). Conclusión: La calidad ósea de las mujeres de la región mediterránea croata depende principalmente de su estado hormonal. Cuando el efecto de la menopausia se controla, la condición ósea se hace dependiente de la edad y la antropometría. Palabras claves: Antropometría, estilo de vida, menopausia, nutrición, ultrasonido cuantitativ

Conspiracy mentality and political orientation across 26 countries

People differ in their general tendency to endorse conspiracy theories (that is, conspiracy mentality). Previous research yielded inconsistent findings on the relationship between conspiracy mentality and political orientation, showing a greater conspiracy mentality either among the political right (a linear relation) or amongst both the left and right extremes (a curvilinear relation). We revisited this relationship across two studies spanning 26 countries (combined N = 104,253) and found overall evidence for both linear and quadratic relations, albeit small and heterogeneous across countries. We also observed stronger support for conspiracy mentality among voters of opposition parties (that is, those deprived of political control). Nonetheless, the quadratic effect of political orientation remained significant when adjusting for political control deprivation. We conclude that conspiracy mentality is associated with extreme left- and especially extreme right-wing beliefs, and that this non-linear relation may be strengthened by, but is not reducible to, deprivation of political control

Intergenerational conflicts of interest and prosocial behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic presents threats, such as severe disease and economic hardship, to people of different ages. These threats can also be experienced asymmetrically across age groups, which could lead to generational differences in behavioral responses to reduce the spread of the disease. We report a survey conducted across 56 societies (N = 58,641), and tested pre-registered hypotheses about how age relates to (a) perceived personal costs during the pandemic, (b) prosocial COVID-19 responses (e.g., social distancing), and (c) support for behavioral regulations (e.g., mandatory quarantine, vaccination). We further tested whether the relation between age and prosocial COVID-19 responses can be explained by perceived personal costs during the pandemic. Overall, we found that older people perceived more costs of contracting the virus, but less costs in daily life due to the pandemic. However, age displayed no clear, robust associations with prosocial COVID-19 responses and support for behavioral regulations. We discuss the implications of this work for understanding the potential intergenerational conflicts of interest that could occur during the COVID-19 pandemic

‘We are all in the same boat’: how societal discontent affects intention to help during the COVID-19 pandemic

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a global health crisis. Consequently, many countries have adopted restrictive measures that caused a substantial change in society. Within this framework, it is reasonable to suppose that a sentiment of societal discontent, defined as generalized concern about the precarious state of society, has arisen. Literature shows that collectively experienced situations can motivate people to help each other. Since societal discontent is conceptualized as a collective phenomenon, we argue that it could influence intention to help others, particularly those who suffer from coronavirus. Thus, in the present study, we aimed (a) to explore the relationship between societal discontent and intention to help at the individual level and (b) to investigate a possible moderating effect of societal discontent at the country level on this relationship. To fulfil our purposes, we used data collected in 42 countries (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;61,734) from the PsyCorona Survey, a cross-national longitudinal study. Results of multilevel analysis showed that, when societal discontent is experienced by the entire community, individuals dissatisfied with society are more prone to help others. Testing the model with longitudinal data (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;3,817) confirmed our results. Implications for those findings are discussed in relation to crisis management. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement

Politicization of COVID-19 health-protective behaviors in the United States: longitudinal and cross-national evidence

During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. conservative politicians and the media downplayed the risk of both contracting COVID-19 and the effectiveness of recommended health behaviors. Health behavior theories suggest perceived vulnerability to a health threat and perceived effectiveness of recommended health-protective behaviors determine motivation to follow recommendations. Accordingly, we predicted that—as a result of politicization of the pandemic—politically conservative Americans would be less likely to enact recommended health-protective behaviors. In two longitudinal studies of U.S. residents, political conservatism was inversely associated with perceived health risk and adoption of health-protective behaviors over time. The effects of political orientation on health-protective behaviors were mediated by perceived risk of infection, perceived severity of infection, and perceived effectiveness of the health-protective behaviors. In a global cross-national analysis, effects were stronger in the U.S. (N = 10,923) than in an international sample (total N = 51,986), highlighting the increased and overt politicization of health behaviors in the U.S