Трудности диагностики детского мультисистемного воспалительного синдрома, ассоциированного с COVID-19, в сочетании с ранней стадией первичной инфекции, вызванной вирусом Эпштейна-Барр

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 is a rare life-threatening immunopathological complication of COVID-19 that develops 1-6 weeks after the acute coronavirus infection. MIS-C is characterized by fever and multiorgan inflammation.We present a clinical case of a 10-year-old boy with skin lesions at the onset of MIS-C (erythematous malar rash, lacelike rash on the trunk and extremities and petechiae) with macrophage activation syndrome development and the early stage of primary Epstein-Barr virus infection (EBV infection) which required the exclusion of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease.This clinical case demonstrates the complexity of diagnosis in MIS-C with skin manifestations at the onset of the disease, especially with concurrent activation of other infections, particularly EBV infection.Детский мультисистемный воспалительный синдром (ДМВС), ассоциированный с COVID-19 — это редкое жизнеугрожающее иммунопатологическое осложнение, развивающееся через 1-6 недель после перенесенной новой коронавирусной инфекции, протекающее с лихорадкой и мультиорганным воспалением.В статье представлено клиническое наблюдение мальчика в возрасте 10 лет с поражением кожи в дебюте ДМВС в виде полиморфной сыпи (эритема на щеках, сыпь в виде кружевного рисунка на туловище и конечностях, петехии), с одновременным обнаружением маркеров ранней стадии первичной инфекции, вызванной вирусом Эпштейна-Барр (ЭБВ), а также развитием гемофагоцитарного синдрома, что потребовало исключения Х-сцепленного лимфопролиферативного синдрома.Данное клиническое наблюдение демонстрирует сложность диагностического поиска при кожных проявлениях в дебюте ДМВС, а также возможность сочетания ДМВС с другими инфекциями, в частности с ЭБВ-инфекцией

Response of the ATLAS tile calorimeter prototype to muons

A study of high energy muons traversing the ATLAS hadron Tile calorimeter in the barrel region in the energy range between 10 and 300~GeV is presented. Both test beam experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations are given and show good agreement. The Tile calorimeter capability of detecting isolated muons over the above energy range is demonstrated. A signal to background ratio of about 10 is expected for the nominal LHC luminosity ($10^{34} cm^{-2} sec^{-1}$). The photoelectron statistics effect in the muon shape response is shown. The e/mip ratio is found to be $0.81 \pm 0.03$; the e/$\mu$ ratio is in the range 0.91 - 0.97. The energy loss of a muon in the calorimeter, dominated by the energy lost in the absorber, can be correlated to the energy loss in the active material. This correlation allows one to correct on an event by event basis the muon energy loss in the calorimeter and therefore reduce the low energy tails in the muon momentum distribution

Evaluation of Fermi Read-out of the ATLAS Tilecal Prototype

Prototypes of the \fermi{} system have been used to read out a prototype of the \atlas{} hadron calorimeter in a beam test at the CERN SPS. The \fermi{} read-out system, using a compressor and a 40 MHz sampling ADC, is compared to a standard charge integrating read-out by measuring the energy resolution of the calorimeter separately with the two systems on the same events. Signal processing techniques have been designed to optimize the treatment of \fermi{} data. The resulting energy resolution is better than the one obtained with the standard read-out

Results from a combined test of an electromagnetic liquid argon calorimeter with a hadronic scintillating-tile calorimeter

The first combined test of an electromagnetic liquid argon accordion calorimeter and a hadronic scintillating-tile calorimeter was carried out at the CERN SPS. These devices are prototypes of the barrel calorimeter of the future ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The energy resolution of pions in the energy range from 20 to 300~GeV at an incident angle $\theta$ of about 11$^\circ$ is well-described by the expression \sigma/E = ((46.5 \pm 6.0)\%/\sqrt{E} +(1.2 \pm 0.3)\%) \oplus (3.2 \pm 0.4)~\mbox{GeV}/E. Shower profiles, shower leakage, and the angular resolution of hadronic showers were also studied

A measurement of the energy loss spectrum of 150 GeV muons in iron

The energy loss spectrum of 150 GeV muons has been measured with a prototype of the ATLAS hadron calorimeter in the H8 beam of the CERN SPS.\\ The differential probability $dP/dv$ per radiation length of a fractional energy loss $v = \Delta E_{\mu} / E_{\mu}$ has been measured in the range $v = 0.01 \div 0.95$; it is then compared with the theoretical predictions for energy losses due to bremsstrahlung and production of electron-positron pairs or of energetic knock-on electrons.\\ The integrated probability $\int_{0.01}^{0.95} (dP/dv) dv$ is $(1.610\pm0.015_{stat.}\pm0.105_{syst.})\cdot10^{-3}$ in agreement with the theoretical predictions of $1.556\cdot10^{-3}$ and $1.619\cdot10^{-3}$. %7.8.96 - start Agreement with theory is also found in two intervals of $v$ where production of electron-positron pairs and knock-on electrons dominates. In the region of bremsstrahlung dominance ($v = 0.12\div0.95$) the measured integrated probability $(1.160\pm0.040_{stat}\pm0.075_{syst})\cdot 10^{-4}$ is in agreement with the theoretical value of $1.185 \cdot 10^{-4}$, obtained using Petrukhin and Shestakov's \cite{PS} description of the bremsstrahlung process. The same result is about 3.6 standard deviations (defined as the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic errors) lower than the theoretical prediction of $1.472\cdot 10^{-4}$, obtained using Tsai's \cite{TS} description of bremsstrahlung

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOLUMI- NESCENCE ASSAY OF INTRACELLULAR ATP Bioluminescence Assay for Cell Viability

ATP as an indicator of cell viability. Adenosine triphosphate (systematic name 9-β-D-ribofuranosyl adenine-5′-triphosphate or 9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-6-aminopurine-5′-triphosphate) − a nucleotide, an adenosine triphosphate ester that is a derivative of adenine and ribose (ATP) − is the main energy carrier in cells of all living organisms (mammals, microorganisms, plants, etc.) [1]. Cleavage of one or two phosphate groups that occurs during ATP hydrolysis is accompanied by the release of energy. In cells, ATP transfers energy to other molecules upon hydrolysis to its low-energy analogs (ADP and/or AMP), which, in turn, acquire energy by adding phosphate groups and transforming into ATP. Intracellular ATP content is the main indicator of cell viability. Upon cell death, ATP synthesis is the first to be arrested, while its hydrolysis can continue for some time, hence, the intracellular ATP content drops sharply to zero value. The ATP content in viable cells of microorganisms is quite high -it ranges from 500 to 10,000 µg per g of dry biomass Determination of ATP concentration using bioluminescence assay. There are various methods to determine ATP concentration: enzymatic methods with spectrophotometric detection, radioactive and chromatographic methods, and others. The bioluminescence ATP assay is the most sensitive, rapid, and selective. As far back as in the 1940s, it was shown that ATP is a required component in the reaction catalyzed by the firefly luciferase enzym

Hematologic manifestations of Crohn's disease: two clinical cases

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are commonly associated with extraintestinal manifestations, hematological disorders being the most special among them. In some cases, they dominate the clinical picture masking the intestinal manifestations of the underlying disease. Aplastic anemia is an extremely rare extraintestinal IBD manifestation. There are only two clinical cases of aplastic anemia associated with ulcerative colitis and non with Crohn's disease reported in the literature. Combination of Crohn's disease and В₁₂-deficient anemia is more prevalent, but is seen usually only after more than 20 cm of the ileus has been resected. The first clinical case presented in this paper is a  combination of severe fistula-forming Crohn's disease with a constriction in the terminal part of the ileus and profound pancytopenia as an outcome of aplastic anemia. This profound pancytopenia is associated with an extremely high risk of life-threatening complications both of surgical treatment, as well as of several chemotherapeutic agents, which made the management of this patient difficult. The second clinical case demonstrates the manifestation of Crohn's disease as ileocolitis starting from the symptoms of cobalamin deficiency: severe В₁₂-deficient anemia, funicular myelosis and sensory ataxia, with blunted intestinal symptoms. This made the initial diagnosis and timely treatment difficult. Replacement therapy with cobalamin injections and treatment with glucocorticoids and antibacterials led to endoscopically confirmed remission of Crohn's disease and normalization of hematological parameters, with persistent polyneuropathy. Thus, management of patients with Crohn's disease should be multidisciplinary. In the case of anemia, leucopenia and/or thrombocytopenia in IBD patients it is necessary to exclude potential myelodysplasia and bone marrow aplasia. In the event of megaloblastic anemia and/or progressive polyneuropathy one should bear in mind potential cobalamin deficiency. However, in severe anemia it is important to perform diagnostic assessment for IBD, first of all, for Crohn's disease, especially, if any intestinal symptoms are present