Post-Covid-19 Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Objectives The long-term consequences of COVID-19 infection on the gastrointestinal tract remain unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and post-COVID-19 disorders of gut-brain interaction after hospitalisation for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design GI-COVID-19 is a prospective, multicentre, controlled study. Patients with and without COVID-19 diagnosis were evaluated on hospital admission and after 1, 6 and 12 months post hospitalisation. Gastrointestinal symptoms, anxiety and depression were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results The study included 2183 hospitalised patients. The primary analysis included a total of 883 patients (614 patients with COVID-19 and 269 controls) due to the exclusion of patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal symptoms and/or surgery. At enrolment, gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent among patients with COVID-19 than in the control group (59.3% vs 39.7%, p < 0.001). At the 12-month follow-up, constipation and hard stools were significantly more prevalent in controls than in patients with COVID-19 (16% vs 9.6%, p=0.019 and 17.7% vs 10.9%, p=0.011, respectively). Compared with controls, patients with COVID-19 reported higher rates of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to Rome IV criteria: 0.5% versus 3.2%, p=0.045. Factors significantly associated with IBS diagnosis included history of allergies, chronic intake of proton pump inhibitors and presence of dyspnoea. At the 6-month follow-up, the rate of patients with COVID-19 fulfilling the criteria for depression was higher than among controls. Conclusion Compared with controls, hospitalised patients with COVID-19 had fewer problems of constipation and hard stools at 12 months after acute infection. Patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher rates of IBS than controls

Review of exercise-induced physiological control models to explain the development of fatigue to improve sports performance and future trend

News. — Sports performance is the pursuit of excellence where a sportsman measures his or her performance quantitatively or qualitatively to move towards his or her desired goal. Several physical aspects can influence sport performance. One of these aspects is the neuromuscular factor Tsolakis and Tsolakis (2008) that arises from the relationship between the nervous system, and the musculoskeletal system. Moreover, in many sports (for example, running and cycling), the establishment of an effective rhythm will keep an athlete organised, and physically efficient for an excellent performance. Subsequently, this rhythm will impose a cadence on musculoskeletal activity, mental control as well as psychological factors. These psychological factors can be self-motivation, level of alertness and mental acuity that are the product of a number of integrated factors like physical fatigue or other unrelated sport stresses such as environmental conditions that are not within the athlete's personal control. The athlete is required to have the ability to adapt in these unexpected environmental factors. Another aspect is coaching and external support/assistance for the athlete (in terms of nutrition, sport technique, tactics and training) to the aspiring competitor for success to occur. Amidst all these factors which influence sports performance, there is one crucial factor which cannot be overlooked and it is the exercise-induced fatigue which causes a reduction in physical and mental performance. Conclusion. — Therefore, in this review, we describe and discuss the various physiological theoretical models of exercise-induced fatigue, and the way forward to assess these theories using mathematical models and analysis of biosignals

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Results of the Prospective Controlled Multinational GI-COVID-19 Study,

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) have been reported with great variability and without standardization. In hospitalized patients, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of GI symptoms, factors associated with their occurrence, and variation at 1 month. METHODS: The GI-COVID-19 is a prospective, multicenter, controlled study. Patients with and without COVID-19 diagnosis were recruited at hospital admission and asked for GI symptoms at admission and after 1 month, using the validated Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire. RESULTS: The study included 2036 hospitalized patients. A total of 871 patients (575 COVID+ and 296 COVID−) were included for the primary analysis. GI symptoms occurred more frequently in patients with COVID-19 (59.7%; 343/575 patients) than in the control group (43.2%; 128/296 patients) (P &lt; 0.001). Patients with COVID-19 complained of higher presence or intensity of nausea, diarrhea, loose stools, and urgency as compared with controls. At a 1-month follow-up, a reduction in the presence or intensity of GI symptoms was found in COVID-19 patients with GI symptoms at hospital admission. Nausea remained increased over controls. Factors significantly associated with nausea persistence in COVID-19 were female sex, high body mass index, the presence of dyspnea, and increased C-reactive protein levels. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of GI symptoms in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is higher than previously reported. Systemic and respiratory symptoms are often associated with GI complaints. Nausea may persist after the resolution of COVID-19 infection