17,120 research outputs found
Transition metal impurities in semiconductors
Crystal field theory applied transition metal impurities in semiconductor
Improving the performance of HTTP over high bandwidth-delay product circuits
As the WWW continues to grow, providing adequate bandwidth to countries remote from the geographic and topological center of the network, such as those in the Asia/Pacific, becomes more and more difficult. To meet the growing traffic needs of the Internet some Network Service Providers are deploying satellite connections. Through discrete event simulation of a real HTTP workload with differing international architectures this paper is able to give guidance on the architecture that should be deployed for long distance, high capacity Internet links.
We show that a significant increase in the time taken to fetch HTTP requests can be expected when traffic is moved from a long distance international terrestrial link to a satellite link. We then show several modifications to the network architecture that can be used to greatly improve the performance of a satellite link. These modifications include the use of an asymmetric satellite link, the multiplexing of multiple HTTP requests onto a single TCP connection and the use of HTTP1.1
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Widespread evidence for heterogeneous accretion of the terrestrial planets and planetisimals
The abundance and relative proportion of highly siderophile elements (HSEs) in Earth’s mantle deviate from those predicted by low-pressure equilibrium partitioning between metal and silicate during formation of the core. For many elements, high-pressure equilibration in a deep molten silicate layer (or ‘magma ocean’) may account for this discrepancy [1], but some highly siderophile element abundances demand the late addition, a ‘late veneer’, of extraterrestrial material (i.e. heterogeneous accretion) after core formation was complete [2]. Siderophile elements in smaller asteroidal bodies will not be affected by high-pressure metal-silicate equilibration and so, with highly efficient core formation [3] and if a ‘late veneer’ is absent, significant differences in the proportions of HSEs can be anticipated. Here we present new HSE abundance and 187Os/188Os isotope data for basaltic meteorites, the HEDs (howardites, eucrites and diogenites thought to sample the asteroid 4 Vesta), anomalous eucrites (considered to be from distinct Vesta-like parent bodies) angrites and aubrites (from unidentified parent bodies) and SNCs (thought to be from Mars). Our data, taken with those for lunar rocks [4], demonstrate that these igneous meteorites all formed from mantle sources that possessed chondritic (i.e. primitive solar system) elemental and isotope compositions, indicating that late accretion is not unique to Earth, but is a common feature of differentiated planets and asteroidal bodies. Variations in the total HSE abundance suggest that the proportion of ‘late veneer’ added is a simple consequence of the size of each body (cross-section and/or gravitational-attraction), and may account for the volatile element budget, and the oxidationstate of Earth, Mars, the Moon and Vesta
A multi-wavelength view of galaxy evolution with AKARI
AKARI's all-sky survey resolves the far-infrared emission in many thousands
of nearby galaxies, providing essential local benchmarks against which the
evolution of high-redshift populations can be measured. This review presents
some recent results in the resolved galaxy populations, covering some
well-known nearby targets, as well as samples from major legacy surveys such as
the Herschel Reference Survey and the JCMT Nearby Galaxies Survey. This review
also discusses the prospects for higher redshifts surveys, including strong
gravitational lens clusters and the AKARI NEP field.Comment: Accepted for Publications of the Korean Astronomical Society
(September 30, 2012 issue, volume 27, No. 3), Proceedings of the Second AKARI
conference, Legacy of AKARI: A Panoramic View of the Dusty Universe. 6 page
Non-existence of Skyrmion-Skyrmion and Skyrmion-anti-Skyrmion static equilibria
We consider classical static Skyrmion-anti-Skyrmion and Skyrmion-Skyrmion
configurations, symmetric with respect to a reflection plane, or symmetric up
to a -parity transformation respectively. We show that the stress tensor
component completely normal to the reflection plane, and hence its integral
over the plane, is negative definite or positive definite respectively.
Classical Skyrmions always repel classical Skyrmions and classical Skyrmions
always attract classical anti-Skyrmions and thus no static equilibrium, whether
stable or unstable, is possible in either case. No other symmetry assumption is
made and so our results also apply to multi-Skyrmion configurations. Our
results are consistent with existing analyses of Skyrmion forces at large
separation, and with numerical results on Skymion-anti-Skyrmion configurations
in the literature which admit a different reflection symmetry. They also hold
for the massive Skyrme model. We also point out that reflection symmetric
self-gravitating Skyrmions or black holes with Skyrmion hair cannot rest in
symmetric equilibrium with self-gravitating anti-Skyrmions.Comment: v2 Typos corrected, refs added. v3 Journal versio
Effects of noise upon human information processing
Studies of noise effects upon human information processing are described which investigated whether or not effects of noise upon performance are dependent upon specific characteristics of noise stimulation and their interaction with task conditions. The difficulty of predicting noise effects was emphasized. Arousal theory was considered to have explanatory value in interpreting the findings of all the studies. Performance under noise was found to involve a psychophysiological cost, measured by vasoconstriction response, with the degree of response cost being related to scores on a noise annoyance sensitivity scale. Noise sensitive subjects showed a greater autonomic response under noise stimulation
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Investigating collaborative annotation on slate PCs
Mobile reading is becoming evermore popular with the introduction of eInk devices such as the Kindle, as well as the many reading applications available on slate PCs and cellular handsets. The portable nature and large storage capacity of these modern mobile devices is making reading a more technology orientated activity. One aspect of mobile reading that has been given surprisingly little attention is collective reading - which is a common activity with paper documents. We investigate the support of group reading using slate PCs, focussing on collective annotation. In the past, desktop PCs have proved inferior in many ways for reading, when compared to paper. Notably, user evaluations of our new system, BuddyBooks, demonstrate that the slate PC form factor can, in contrast, provide advantages for group reading. While annotation practices change with the new format, coordinating within the group can be improved when touch-interaction is carefully exploited
The energy requirement of farming in New Zealand
This report presents the findings of a study of the direct and indirect energy use by the New Zealand farming sector on a 'to-farm-gate' basis. Although detailed statistics are available on this sector in financial terms, little data has been collected on
inputs to agriculture in physical terms, and this complicates the application of energy analysis. This report therefore provides complete detail on all working calculations and the assumptions made, so that through wide distribution of these findings and the
resulting feedback, the study estimates may be more precisely defined and the resulting energy requirement data improved
Ternary phase diagrams for the Ga-P-Zn and Ga-As-Zn systems with applications to diffusion problems
Ternary phase diagrams for gallium-phosphorus-zinc and gallium-arsenic-zinc systems with diffusion problem application
Effects of jamming on non-equilibrium transport times in nano-channels
Many biological channels perform highly selective transport without direct
input of metabolic energy and without transitions from a 'closed' to an 'open'
state during transport. Mechanisms of selectivity of such channels serve as an
inspiration for creation of artificial nano-molecular sorting devices and
bio-sensors. To elucidate the transport mechanisms, it is important to
understand the transport on the single molecule level in the experimentally
relevant regime when multiple particles are crowded in the channel. In this
paper we analyze the effects of inter-particle crowding on the non-equilibrium
transport times through a finite-length channel by means of analytical theory
and computer simulations
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