A Monte Carlo Calculation of Atmospheric Muon and Neutrino Fluxes

Production of muons and neutrinos in cosmic ray interactions with the atmosphere has been investigated with a cascade simulation program based on Lund Monte Carlo programs. The resulting `conventional' muon and neutrino fluxes (from $\pi ,K$ decays) agree well with earlier calculations, whereas the improved charm particle treatment used in this study gives significantly lower `prompt' fluxes compared to earlier estimates. This implies better prospects for detecting very high energy neutrinos from cosmic sources.Comment: 4 pages, uuencoded and gziped ps-fil

DEVELOPMENT OF PASTERIZATION MODES FOR HIGH-SUGAR CANS IN CONTINUOUS ACTING PASTEURIZERS

High-sugar canned fruits, such as jam, marmalade, confiture, are characterized by a high content of soluble dry solids and high acidity, which allows to apply to them pasteurization processes as heat treatment. In comparison with sterilization processes, heat treatment of hermetically sealed canned food during pasteurization is implemented at temperatures less than 100°C.The article presents the results of the development of scientifically-based pasteurization modes for high-sugar canned food for industrial continuous-acting pasteurizers (CAP — continuous-acting pasteurizers) of open type with a temperature in the heating area less than 100°C. For today, such pasteurizers are widely spread due to the simplicity of their design, high productivity, with the option to reduce consumption of water, steam, electricity and to use it for the various types of packaging. So, the actual task of this article is the establishment of canned fruit pasteurization modes for such pasteurizers.The development of pasteurization modes for high-sugar canned food using strawberry jam as a sample was carried out in the experimental equipment simulating the operation of a continuous-acting pasteurizer. The studies were implemented to confirm that the developed modes of heat treatment in the CAP as a matter of fact provide industrial sterility of the produced high-sugar canned food. Optimal pasteurization modes have the following parameters: heat treatment in an autoclave sterilizer at a heating temperature of the heating medium 97°C and stage-by-stage cooling of the products with water at temperatures 70°C, 50°C and 30°C.High-sugar canned fruits, such as jam, marmalade, confiture, are characterized by a high content of soluble dry solids and high acidity, which allows to apply to them pasteurization processes as heat treatment. In comparison with sterilization processes, heat treatment of hermetically sealed canned food during pasteurization is implemented at temperatures less than 100°C.The article presents the results of the development of scientifically-based pasteurization modes for high-sugar canned food for industrial continuous-acting pasteurizers (CAP — continuous-acting pasteurizers) of open type with a temperature in the heating area less than 100°C. For today, such pasteurizers are widely spread due to the simplicity of their design, high productivity, with the option to reduce consumption of water, steam, electricity and to use it for the various types of packaging. So, the actual task of this article is the establishment of canned fruit pasteurization modes for such pasteurizers.The development of pasteurization modes for high-sugar canned food using strawberry jam as a sample was carried out in the experimental equipment simulating the operation of a continuous-acting pasteurizer. The studies were implemented to confirm that the developed modes of heat treatment in the CAP as a matter of fact provide industrial sterility of the produced high-sugar canned food. Optimal pasteurization modes have the following parameters: heat treatment in an autoclave sterilizer at a heating temperature of the heating medium 97°C and stage-by-stage cooling of the products with water at temperatures 70°C, 50°C and 30°C

Radiography of the Earth's Core and Mantle with Atmospheric Neutrinos

A measurement of the absorption of neutrinos with energies in excess of 10 TeV when traversing the Earth is capable of revealing its density distribution. Unfortunately, the existence of beams with sufficient luminosity for the task has been ruled out by the AMANDA South Pole neutrino telescope. In this letter we point out that, with the advent of second-generation kilometer-scale neutrino detectors, the idea of studying the internal structure of the Earth may be revived using atmospheric neutrinos instead.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX file using RevTEX4, 2 figures and 1 table included. Matches published versio

Dynamical lattice instability versus spin liquid state in a frustrated spin chain system

The low-dimensional s=1/2 compound (NO)[Cu(NO3)3] has recently been suggested to follow the Nersesyan-Tsvelik model of coupled spin chains. Such a system shows unbound spinon excitations and a resonating valence bond ground state due spin frustration. Our Raman scattering study demonstrates phonon anomalies as well as the suppression of a broad magnetic scattering continuum for temperatures below a characteristic temperature, T<T*=100K. We interpret these effects as evidence for a dynamical interplay of spin and lattice degrees of freedom that might lead to a further transition into a dimerized or structurally distorted phase at lower temperatures.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Autoencoders for semantic segmentation of rice fungal diseases

Received: January 4th, 2021 ; Accepted: March 22th, 2021 ; Published: March 31th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] the article, the authors examine the possibility of automatic localization of rice fungal infections using modern methods of computer vision. The authors consider a new approach based on the use of autoencoders - special neural network architectures. This approach makes it possible to detect areas on rice leaves affected by a particular disease. The authors demonstrate that the autoencoder can be trained to remove affected areas from the image. In some cases, this allows one to clearly highlight the affected area by comparing the resulting image with the original one. Therefore, modern architectures of convolutional autoencoders provide quite acceptable visual quality of detection

Development of virtual instrument for laboratory work in section «Electric» courses «Life safety»

Сообщается о создании виртуальных приборов, представляющих собой имитацию в среде LabVIEW V.7 и выше лабораторных приборов, для измерения, электротехнических характеристик. Приборы предназначены для выполнения лабораторных работ по курсу «Безопасность жизнедеятельности».Reported the creation of virtual instruments, which are simulated in the environment of LabVIEW V.7 and above laboratory devices for measuring electrical characteristics. The devices are designed to perform laboratory work on the course "Life Safety"

Highly mobile carriers in orthorhombic phases of iron-based superconductors FeSe1−x{}_{1-x}Sx{}_{x}

The field and temperature dependencies of the longitudinal and Hall resistivity have been measured for FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_{x}$ (x=0.04, 0.09 and 0.19) single crystals. The sample FeSe${}_{0.81}$S${}_{0.19}$ does not show a transition to an orthorhombic phase and exhibits at low temperatures the transport properties quite different from those of orthorhombic samples. The behavior of FeSe${}_{0.81}$S${}_{0.19}$ is well described by the simple two band model with comparable values of hole and electron mobility. In particular, at low temperatures the transverse resistance shows a linear field dependence, the magnetoresistance follow a quadratic field dependence and obeys to Kohler's rule. In contrast, Kohler's rule is strongly violated for samples having an orthorhombic low temperature structure. However, the transport properties of the orthorhombic samples can be satisfactory described by the three band model with the pair of almost equivalent to the tetragonal sample hole and electron bands, supplemented with the highly mobile electron band which has two order smaller carrier number. Therefore, the peculiarity of the low temperature transport properties of the orthorhombic Fe(SeS) samples, as probably of many other orthorhombic iron superconductors, is due to the presence of a small number of highly mobile carriers which originate from the local regions of the Fermi surface, presumably, nearby the Van Hove singularity points

Features of the crystal structure and electrical properties of sodium chloride at pressure 20-50 GPa

The electrical properties of polycrystalline samples of sodium chloride are studied at direct and alternating current in a wide range of frequencies at high pressure and room temperature. Graphic analysis of the experimental data [1-3] in the view of equivalent circuits allowed us to separate the contributions to conductivity caused by grains and intergrain boundaries. Features of impedance at pressure up to 37 GPa are in good agreement with earlier data and structural changes. It is shown that in the studied materials the electrical resistance of grains is much greater than the resistance of intergrain boundaries. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

Does the Experience of International Mobility Lead to Career Advantages? Study of Russian researchers

The current agenda of Russian scientific policy pays much attention to measures aimed at supporting the mobility of scientific personnel (including young ones). The purpose of this study is to analyze how the experience of international mobility affects the objective and subjective indicators of employment of Russian Doctorate Holders, and to find out whether the experience of working or studying abroad always gives advantages when returning to the home country. The empirical base of the study is the data of the project “Monitoring survey of Highly Qualified R&amp;D Personnel” (N=1742 for the year 2019). The obtained results show that the impact of the international mobility on the careers of Russian researchers is a complex phenomenon that is not limited to positive effects. A number of advantages can be received for the “non-mobile career”, when loyalty to the current organization is rewarded. Along with the implementation of mobility support programs, it is necessary to create an institutional environment in which researchers with experience in international mobility can maximize their professional potential and have a favorable environment for building a scientific career

Singular Differential Equations and their Applications for Modeling Strongly Oscillating Processes

The normal system of ordinary differential equations, whose right-hand sides are the ratios of linear and nonlinear positive functions, is considered. A feature of these ratios is that some of their denominators can take on arbitrarily small nonzero values. (Thus, the modules of the corresponding derivatives can take arbitrarily large value.) In the sequel, the constructed system of differential equations is used to model strongly oscillating processes (for example, processes determined by the rhythms of electroencephalograms measured at certain points in the cerebral cortex). The obtained results can be used to diagnose human brain diseases