Optimization of laser welding of tri – metal joint via response surface methodology

 Laser welding input parameters play a major role in determining the quality of a weld joint. In the nuclear power plants, hybrid structures of nickel and steel alloys offer an advantage in comparison to conventional materials, e.g. in heat exchanger tube areas. Due to demand in the nuclear industry for new material combinations based on commercially available and qualified materials, research into thermal joining of dissimilar materials has been initiated. The use of laser for joining mild steel / nickel with 316L austenitic stainless steel filler material and structures offers some advantages compared with usual thermal joining processes. The main aim is the control of phase formation, which occurs during thermal joining of mild steel to nickel. In this research work microstructure study and optimization of laser welding of mild steel / nickel sheets with wire feeding was done using Central Composite Design(CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) are used to build the mathematical model. By means of the laser power, welding speed and pulse width on the tensile strength model was developed and tested by analysis of variance method (ANOVA), the relationship between process parameters and output response and interaction among the process parameters are analyzed and discussed in detail. The scanning electron microscopes (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) technique were used for microstructure study of the bi-metal and tri-metal joints of the weld

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method and Uv -Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Equation Method of Bambuterol Hydrochloride and Montelukast Sodium in Combined Dosage Form.

The combination of an Anti-asthmatic drugs Montelukast Sodium and Bambuterol HCl are selected for analysis by UV spectrophotometric method and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. It is estimated by simultaneous equation method as the λmax of the drugs are dissimilar and their absorbance ratio lies outside the range 0.1 to 2. The next objective is to develop and validate a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography which would be simple, rapid, efficient and reliable for the analysis of both the drugs in combined dosage form. UV spectrophotometry by simultaneous equation method and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography were developed for analysing Montelukast sodium and Bambuterol HCl in combined tablet dosage form. For UV spectrophotometry linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 4 to 32 μg/ml for Montelukast sodium and 4 to 28 μg/ml for Bambuterol HCl. In quantitative determination the % Drug content was found to be 101.1% and 99.5% for Montelukast sodium and Bambuterol HCl respectively. Recovery experiments were performed and it was within 98 – 102%, the percentage relative standard deviation were found to be <2% which shows high precision and accuracy of the method. In HPLC method, HPLC conditions were optimized to obtain an adequate separation of eluted compounds. Initially various mobile phase were tried, to separate drugs. Mobile phase and flow rate selection was based on peak parameters (height, tailing, theoretical plates, etc). The system with buffer (Potassium hydrogen phosphate pH6): Acetonitrile : methanol (60:40v/v) with 2 ml/min flow rate is quite robust. The optimum wavelength for detection was 230nm at which better detector response for drugs was obtained. The average retention times for 4.28 min for Bambuterol HCl ,7.4 min for Montelukast sodium respectively. According to USP system suitability test are an integral part of chromatographic method. They are used to verify the reproducibility of the chromatographic system

Investigation on Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe

The main aim is analysis the performance of pulsating heat pipe with open loop system. This design has effective to enhance the performance of heat pipe. The heat pipe having various limitations like capillary limit, boiling limit, entrainment limit, sonic limit etc. In this work, we analyze the overall heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer efficiency of the heat piper for different heat input and angle of variations. The work has been made with DI Water as working fluids. The performance of pulsating heat pipe tends to be better with heat pipe fabricated with 10mm size with Heat input of 50 W at angle inclination 45⁰

1-(2-Azido­acet­yl)-3-methyl-2,6-diphenyl­piperidin-4-one

In the title compound, C20H20N4O2, the piperidine ring adopts a distorted boat conformation. The two phenyl rings form dihedral angles of 82.87 (1) and 84.40 (1)° with respect to the piperidine ring. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N inter­actions

TENSILE TEST ANALYSIS OF NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE

This project mainly deals with analysis of tensile properties of Palmyra fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite that is suitable for automobile application. First, the property of material was obtained on the basis of some assumptions (i.e., Rule of Mixture) and was modeled with reference to ASTM D638. Here the simulation was carried out on specimen under different fiber volume fraction and fiber length. The present work includes the Analysis of Palmyra Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites using FEA with various fiber volume fractions and these results were validated with the experimental result. The tensile property of Palmyra fiber composite material can be obtained by using tensometer.During the tensile load, the maximum strain, stress and displacement were obtained and, then this experimental result was compared with the analytical results and the error percentage of these results were calculated

1-(2-Bromo­acet­yl)-3-methyl-2,6-diphenyl­piperidin-4-one

In the title compound, C20H20BrNO2, the piperidone ring adopts a boat conformation. The phenyl rings are oriented at dihedral angles of 97.8 (2) and 96.0 (1)° with respect to the best plane through the piperidine ring. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 49.7 (1)°. In the crystal, bifurcated C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form a R 2 1(7) ring motif, linking the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers

Ethyl 4-hy­droxy-2,6-diphenyl-1-(2-thio­morpholino­acet­yl)-1,2,5,6-tetra­hydro­pyridine-3-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C26H30N2O4S, the thio­morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation whereas the tetra­hydro­pyridine ring is in a half-chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 33.3 (2)°. A strong intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a ribbon-like structure propagating along the a axis

Optimization of Cutting Performance Using Vegetable Oil in Drilling of AA 6082 T6 by Minimum Quantity Lubrication

Industries were facing crucial problems on disposal of used lubricants who caused environmental pollution directly as well as indirectly. Also, surface quality was seen at lower rate using flood lubrication. The drilling process generates large energy and most of the energy is converted to heat. The intense heat affects the mechanical properties of the work material and the drill. Conventional coolants are used to control the heat and carry away the chips formed. The major aim of this study is to optimize the machining parameters using mustard oil as a MQL coolant (10ml/h mixing of oil with compressed air) and experiments were carried out with aluminium alloy 6082 T6 which possess high thermal conductivity. Later, Taguchi method was used in small number of experiments to study the parameters, using orthogonal arrays derived from the design of experiments theory. Process parameters were used for this study such as cutting tool (T), feed rate (F) and Speed (N). The performance characteristics were measured, which are surface roughness (S) and kerf angle (Ka). ANOVA is used to find the most influencing factor in drilling. In this study, results include the most contribution factor i.e., cutting tool which contributes 89.3% followed by feed rate of 6.73% and spindle speed 2.10 %. Conformation test has been carried out for improving grey relational analysis by 10.15%. In addition to that surface of chips were examined at machining region under scanning electron microscope (SEM)