Enhancing Security of Android Phones

Use of mobile commerce for commerce for conducting commercial transactions online is increasing rapidly. A wide range of wireless devices which includes mobile phones, tablets provide an easier way for mobile payments and M-commerce. Risk associated with such devices such as loss of private information is also increasing. The basic requirement for using secure M-Commerce application is a secure mobile operating system. Without a security feature or secure application on the device, it is not possible to have secure Mobile-transaction. Among many operating system used for mobile devices, android operating systems are widely used. Though Android Systems are good in memory management they are also vulnerable to security attacks. Such security attacks make the phone unusable, cause unwanted SMS/MMS (short message service/ multimedia messaging service) billing, or expose private information. There are two doors for attacker to attack a smart phone. The first is to get users to download, install, and run software that contain unethical codes such as virus, worms etc. and the other is to attack device directly by using software vulnerabillties. This paper presents security assessment for Android with an overview of security architecture for android. The Paper also list various threats to android devices and there countermeasures

ANTI INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA

Objective: Erythrina variegata had been widely used for its reported biological activity in indigenous system of medicine. The present investigation was carried out to find the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Erythrina variegata in albino rats.Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using acute inflammatory model like carrageenan induced paw edema and chronic inflammatory model like cotton pellet induced granuloma respectively.Results: The ethanolic extract in different doses (200, and 400mg/kg, p. o) exhibited dose dependent and significant antiinflammatory activity in acute and chronic model of inflammation.Conclusion: The alcoholic extract of Erythrina variegata has anti-inflammatory activity. This activity was related to the dose and these results corroborate the potential traditional use of the plant in folk medicine

Clinical course of ectopic pregnancy:a tertiary centre experience

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is one of the causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the first trimester. EP is still a major challenge and its incidence is on the rise due to changes in lifestyle and advances in medical practice. The early diagnosis and treatment of this condition over the past two decades has allowed a definitive medical management of unruptured ectopic pregnancies even before there were clinical symptoms in these high-risk women.Methods: It was a retrospective study of 100 cases of EP conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital, attached to Bangalore medical college, Bengaluru for a period of 3 years. The aim of the study was to study the incidence, risk factors, clinical profile and management of EP cases.Results: Incidence of EP was 1.3% of all deliveries and 5.6% of gynecological surgeries. Peak age group was between 25-30 years (37%). Most of them were multiparous (83%), 58% of the patients had identifiable risk factors. 95% had amenorrhea, followed by pain abdomen in 81%, bleeding PV in 43%. 17% presented with shock. 91% patients presented with ruptured ectopic, 9% were unruptured. Unruptured cases were treated medically using Methotrexate. Laparotomy was done for ruptured cases. Commonest site of Ectopic was ampulla (81%). Salpingectomy was done for most cases (86%). No maternal mortality observed.Conclusions: All high-risk women should be screened at the earliest with serum β-hCG and TVS. The impact on future fertility can be improved by focusing on primary prevention and early diagnosis before rupture

Prevalence of anemia among chronic kidney disease patients in India: a single-centre study

Background: Chronic kidney disease is defined as abnormalities in kidney structure or function with a decreased glomerular filtration rate 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 715 patients were enrolled in the study, out of which 432 (59.2%) and 292 (40.8%) were male and female, respectively. The mean age was 56.4±15 SD. Out of 715 patients, 531 (74.3%) patients were anemic and 58 (8.1%) were severely anemic. Thus, the prevalence of anemia was 82.4% among study participants. Hypertension, diabetes, and CKD stage were associated with a high prevalence of anemia.Conclusions: This study reported a high prevalence of anemia compared to previous studies. Assessing the anemic status of patients in earlier stages of the disease will contribute greatly to managing this complication

Automated Agricultural System for Multipurpose Activities of Farmers

Agriculture plays vital role in the development of country. In India about 70% of population depends upon farming and one third of the nation’s capital comes from farming. Issues concerning agriculture have been always hindering the development of the country. The only solution to this problem is smart agriculture by modernizing the current traditional methods of agriculture. Agricultural tasks automation is significant in recent days to reduce the labor work and increase the yield of crop, efficiency and profit. The project aims on the design, development & the fabrication of the agricultural system which can plough the land, sow the seeds, water spray, pesticides spray, monitor the crops and soil, cut the cultivated crops, separate the grains from the crops, cut the grass. It also aims on upgrading of existing marketing methods. The whole agricultural system works with battery and controlled through Bluetooth technology. Various operations are performed in the agriculture field like seeding, weeding, waste plant cutting, plowing etc. Very basic operation is seeding, plowing & crop cutting. But the present method of seeding, plowing & crop cutting are problematic. The equipments used for seed sowing are very difficult and inconvenient to handle. The machine can be advanced for sowing seeds in farm with particular distance between seed is adjusted. In this project system direction is provided by using Software programming. The current warehouse management system fails to preserve the quality of the stored products overtime, monitor the temperature, humidity, theft and fire attacks in the warehouse. The project also includes smart warehouse management system which includes temperature and moisture maintenance, theft and fire detection in the warehouse and delivers the real time notifications through GSM without human intervention

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ULIPRISTAL ACETATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

A simple, novel, precise and accurate stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of Ulipristal Acetate in pharmaceutical dosage form. A Phenoxneome C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column was used as stationary phase with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 v/v (pH was adjusted to 4.0 with triethyl amine). The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL/min and effluents were monitored at 223 nm. The retention time was 1.895 min. The linearity of the method was observed in the concentration range of 20-100 µg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The method developed was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, system suitability and forced degradation studies like acidic, alkaline, oxidative and neutral stress conditions were performed as per ICH guidelines. The results obtained in the study were within the acceptable limits and hence this method can be used for the estimation of Ulipristal Acetate in pharmaceutical dosage form

Biochemical characterization of defense responses in rose genotypes in response to artificial inoculation with black spot pathogen Diplocarpon rosae

Resistance responses in the leaves of eight rose genotypes, Knock Out (highly resistant), Arka Nishkant (moderately resistant), R. multiflora (highly susceptible), Arka Swadesh (highly susceptible), IIHRR 13-4 (susceptible), Arka Parimala (susceptible), R. indica (susceptible) and IIHRR 4-15-12 (moderately susceptible), exhibiting varied levels of resistance against black spot were investigated post artificial inoculation with black spot pathogen, Diplocarpon rosae. There was consistent increase in the activities of defense related enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase and other defense related secondary metabolites like phenols and flavonoids at different phases of black spot progression and increase was high in resistant genotypes Knock Out and Arka Nishkant. The peak activity of defense enzymes and high concentration of other metabolites was witnessed during early stages of infection in the resistant genotypes while it was during later phase in the susceptible genotypes. These results suggested that the faster and stronger activation of defense system is associated with the resistance against black spotin the rose genotypes

Color Histogram Features for Image Retrieval Systems

ABSTRACT: Histogram features have proved powerful in the classification of image and object detection . The CBIR most efficient and searches the color based images. Here in this method we use some improved preprocessing steps, preprocessing algorithms and the image classification is analyzed. In CBIR image classification has to be computationally very fast and efficient. In this project a new approach is introduced, which based on low level image histogram features. Color is a main powerful descriptor that often identifies object and extraction scene. The main advantage of this method is the very quick generation and comparison of the applied feature vectors. Histograms are simple to calculate in software and also lend themselves to economic hardware implementations. A popular tool for a real-time image processing histogram-based image retrieval methods in two color spaces were exhaustively compared. The testing also highlights the weaknesses and strengths of the model. KEY WORDS: color-based and content based image retrieval, K-Nearest neighbor method, histogram intersection and its similarity

Mammalian and Invertebrate Models as Complementary Tools for Gaining Mechanistic Insight on Muscle Responses to Spaceflight

Bioinformatics approaches have proven useful in understanding biological responses to spaceflight. Spaceflight experiments remain resource intensive and rare. One outstanding issue is how to maximize scientific output from a limited number of omics datasets from traditional animal models including nematodes, fruitfly, and rodents. The utility of omics data from invertebrate models in anticipating mammalian responses to spaceflight has not been fully explored. Hence, we performed comparative analyses of transcriptomes of soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in mice that underwent 37 days of spaceflight. Results indicate shared stress responses and altered circadian rhythm. EDL showed more robust growth signals and Pde2a downregulation, possibly underlying its resistance to atrophy versus soleus. Spaceflight and hindlimb unloading mice shared differential regulation of proliferation, circadian, and neuronal signaling. Shared gene regulation in muscles of humans on bedrest and space flown rodents suggest targets for mitigating muscle atrophy in space and on Earth. Spaceflight responses of C. elegans were more similar to EDL. Discrete life stages of D. melanogaster have distinct utility in anticipating EDL and soleus responses. In summary, spaceflight leads to shared and discrete molecular responses between muscle types and invertebrate models may augment mechanistic knowledge gained from rodent spaceflight and ground-based studies