Modelling mid-Pliocene climate with COSMOS

In this manuscript we describe the experimental procedure employed at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany in the preparation of the simulations for the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). We present a description of the utilized Community Earth System Models (COSMOS, version: COSMOS-landveg r2413, 2009) and document the procedures that we applied to transfer the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) Project mid-Pliocene reconstruction into model forcing fields. The model setup and spin-up procedure are described for both the paleo- and preindustrial (PI) time slices of PlioMIP experiments 1 and 2, and general results that depict the performance of our model setup for mid-Pliocene conditions are presented. The mid-Pliocene, as simulated with our COSMOS setup and PRISM boundary conditions, is both warmer and wetter in the global mean than the PI. The globally averaged annual mean surface air temperature in the mid-Pliocene standalone atmosphere (fully coupled atmosphere-ocean) simulation is 17.35 °C (17.82 °C), which implies a warming of 2.23 °C (3.40 °C) relative to the respective PI control simulation

Spot Weld Test Pull

Thd D-zero cryostats will contain a number of detector modules. Each module will be made up of plates separated by G-10. To hold the plates together a stainless steel skin has been proposed to cover a whole module. By a series of calculations it was noted that the thin skins would buckle under the force. To prevent the buckling it was proposed to spot weld the skins to some of the internal plates, therefore giving the skins greatly increased strength. This paper gives the results of the test on the proposed spot welds

Uranium Plate Test Stack: Test of CC Design

A test needed to be set up to determine if it is possible, using different pressures and button spacings, to successfully flatten the uranium plates, and test the current CC design. To run the test a series of 12 plates was set up in a cryogenic bath with bellows at one end of the bath to apply pressure to the stack. Each plate was numbered for identification and this can be noted on figure one, and plate flatness data. To determine the flatness of each uranium plate before stacking a number of measurements were taken. These included: (1) overall dimensions of each plate; (2) thickness of each plate at different locations on the plate; (3) ultrasound thickness test; (4) dial gauge front contour; and (5) dial gauge back contour. The plates were stacked as indicated in figure 1. they were randomly oriented, and orientation of each is noted in figure 1. The Fermilab number will always be located on the front of the plate. the locations noted on figure 1 are the locations of the Fermi-number. The plates were compressed then flooded with liquid nitrogen. Compression using 20 PSI in the bellows. Gap measurements could now be taken. This was accomplished by using a set of rods of known diameters. A rod was inserted into the gap, if it did not fit the next size smaller rod was inserted, thereby giving a range for gap width. For a rod to fit in the gap it was inserted and moved back and forth in the east-west direction. If the rod hung up at any point in the gap it was considered to large for the gap. The pressure was lowered to 1 psi in the bellows and the measurements repeated; the pressure was brought back to the original 20 psi and measurements were again taken

Motion pictures in the training programs of the United States Navy.

http://www.archive.org/details/motionpicturesin00ste

Chemical efficiency of reactive microflows with heterogeneus catalysis: a lattice Boltzmann study

We investigate the effects of geometrical micro-irregularities on the conversion efficiency of reactive flows in narrow channels of millimetric size. Three-dimensional simulations, based upon a Lattice-Boltzmann-Lax-Wendroff code, indicate that periodic micro-barriers may have an appreciable effect on the effective reaction efficiency of the device. Once extrapolated to macroscopic scales, these effects can result in a sizeable increase of the overall reaction efficiency.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure

Specification for 20,000 Gallen Liquide Nitrogen Storage Tank

This specification defines the requirements for a liquid nitrogen storage tank to be installed at Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

The wall shear rate distribution for flow in random sphere packings

The wall shear rate distribution P(gamma) is investigated for pressure-driven Stokes flow through random arrangements of spheres at packing fractions 0.1 <= phi <= 0.64. For dense packings, P(gamma) is monotonic and approximately exponential. As phi --> 0.1, P(gamma) picks up additional structure which corresponds to the flow around isolated spheres, for which an exact result can be obtained. A simple expression for the mean wall shear rate is presented, based on a force-balance argument.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, RevTeX 4; significantly revised with significantly extended scop

New freshwater diatom genus, Edtheriotia gen. nov. of the Stephanodiscaceae (Bacillariophyta) from south‐central China

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134437/1/pre12145.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134437/2/pre12145_am.pd