NOTE ON HYMENODICTYON (RUB.) AND ITS OCCURRENCE IN MALESIA, ESPECIALLY IN WEST JAVA

The genus Hymenodictyon is a genus of often large, often deciduous trees which is widely distributed over the African and Asian-Malesian tropics, with 11 species recorded for Madagascar

MISCELLANEOUS BOTANICAL NOTES-IV*

1. In connection with the first record from Malaysia (Atjeh, North Sumatra)of a species of Schoepfia (Olacaceae), viz. S. fragrans Wall, in Roxb., some notes on the genus are given, including a key to the species of section Schoepfiopsis (emended) and to the two Indian species of Schoepfia.The specimens of the Kew and Leyden Herbaria of these two species are listed. The name Schoepfia ffriffithii Tiegh. is validly published in the present paper, if this was not done before. 2. Smilax pygmaea Merr. (Liliaceae) is recorded from Atjeh, Sumatra. 3. The first indigenous species of Mivmlus (Scrophulariaceae), M. tenellus Bunge,is recorded for Malaysia from Atjeh, Sumatra. 4. A new species of Macadamia (Proteaceae) is described from Celebes: Macadamia hildebrandii Van Steenis. It belongs to the same genus as the common Australian bush nut, M. ternifolia, with edible seeds. 5. Some information, additional to a previous paper on Biophytum (Oxalidaceae)in Malaysia, is given. 6. Some records of plants new to Mount Pangrango, West Java, are mentioned. 7. The recent introduction and the present distribution in Malaysia of the weed Eupatorium odoratum L. (Compositae) is discussed. 8. Some additional records of the liana Hollrungia aurantioides K. Schum.(Passifloraceae) from New Guinea and from outside this island (Ternate, Moluccas)are published

MISCELLANEOUS BOTANICAL NOTES XXVI

Description of the pod of the type tree of Ormosia incerta Koord. (reduced to 0. psnangensis Ridl.) from Java. Reduction of the genus Trifidacanthus Merr. (Legum.) to Desmodium; one new combination necessary. The genus Platyspermation Guillaumin described from New Caledonia in Myrtaeeae, suggested to belong to Saxifragaceae-Escallonioidsae. Juncus bufonius L. recorded as introduced on Mt Kinabalu. Two Fimbristylis species recorded new for the Northern Territory, Australia; Oreobolus kukenthalii Steen. recorded from Mt Muln, Sarawak

A comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and counter current electrophoresis for the detection of bovine serum albumin in virus vaccines.

A monoclonal antibody directed against bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been developed and used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for the detection of BSA in virus vaccines. The results correlated well with those obtained with a counter current electrophoresis system which has been employed routinely for this purpose. The ELISA was slightly more sensitive and more readily applicable to the screening of large numbers of samples but could not be used in the presence of certain stabilizers

Induction of antigen-specific antibody response in human pheripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro by a dog kidney cell vaccine against rabies virus (DKCV).

In the present report an in vitro method for obtaining a secondary human antibody response to a dog kidney cell vaccine against rabies virus (DKCV) is described. Cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal rabies-immune and nonimmune donors were stimulated in vitro by DKCV. The production of virus-specific antibody in supernatant fluids was monitored by ELISA. Antibody was produced by lymphocytes from rabies-immune individuals, whereas those of nonimmune subjects consistently failed to produce anti-rabies antibodies after in vitro stimulation with DKCV. The generation of the anti-rabies virus antibody response of lymphocytes stimulated with DKCV was shown to be an antigen-dependent, as well as an antigen-specific process. Optimal antigen-specific response

Child outcomes after placement of a cervical pessary in women with a multiple pregnancy : A 4-year follow-up of the ProTWIN trial

Acknowledgements We like to thank the research nurses of the Dutch Consortium for Healthcare Evaluation and Research in Obstetrics and Gynecology for their help in finding contact details of the parents.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Systematics and evolution of predatory flower flies (Diptera Syrphidae) based on exon-capture sequencing

Flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are one of the most species-rich dipteran families and provide important ecosystem services such as pollination, biological control of pests, recycling of organic matter and redistributions of essential nutrients. Flower fly adults generally feed on pollen and nectar, but their larval feeding habits are strikingly diverse. In the present study, high-throughput sequencing was used to capture and enrich phylogenetically and evolutionary informative exonic regions. With the help of the baitfisher software, we developed a new bait kit (SYRPHIDAE1.0) to target 1945 CDS regions belonging to 1312 orthologous genes. This new bait kit was successfully used to exon capture the targeted loci in 121 flower fly species across the different subfamilies of Syrphidae. We analysed different amino acid and nucleotide data sets (1302 loci and 154 loci) with maximum likelihood and multispecies coalescent models. Our analyses yielded highly supported similar topologies, although the degree of the SRH (global stationarity, reversibility and homogeneity) conditions varied greatly between amino acid and nucleotide data sets. The sisterhood of subfamilies Pipizinae and Syrphinae is supported in all our analyses, confirming a common origin of taxa feeding on soft-bodied arthropods. Based on our results, we define Syrphini stat.rev. to include the genera Toxomerus and Paragus. Our divergence estimate analyses with beast inferred the origin of the Syrphidae in the Lower Cretaceous (125.5-98.5 Ma) and the diversification of predatory flower flies around the K-Pg boundary (70.61-54.4 Ma), coinciding with the rise and diversification of their prey.Peer reviewe

Tractography of developing white matter of the internal capsule and corpus callosum in very preterm infants

To investigate in preterm infants associations between Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) parameters of the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) and corpus callosum (CC) and age, white matter (WM) injury and clinical factors. In 84 preterm infants DTI was performed between 40-62 weeks postmenstrual age on 3 T MR. Fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and fibre lengths through the PLIC and the genu and splenium were determined. WM injury was categorised as normal/mildly, moderately and severely abnormal. Associations between DTI parameters and age, WM injury and clinical factors were analysed. A positive association existed between FA and age at imaging for fibres through the PLIC (r = 0.48 p < 0.001) and splenium (r = 0.24 p < 0.01). A negative association existed between ADC and age at imaging for fibres through the PLIC (r = -0.65 p < 0.001), splenium (r = -0.35 p < 0.001) and genu (r = -0.53 p < 0.001). No association was found between DTI parameters and gestational age, degree of WM injury or categorical clinical factors. These results indicate that in our cohort of very preterm infants, at this young age, the development of the PLIC and CC is ongoing and independent of the degree of prematurity or WM injury.Neuro Imaging Researc

National records of 3000 European bee and hoverfly species: A contribution to pollinator conservation

Pollinators play a crucial role in ecosystems globally, ensuring the seed production of most flowering plants. They are threatened by global changes and knowledge of their distribution at the national and continental levels is needed to implement efficient conservation actions, but this knowledge is still fragmented and/or difficult to access. As a step forward, we provide an updated list of around 3000 European bee and hoverfly species, reflecting their current distributional status at the national level (in the form of present, absent, regionally extinct, possibly extinct or non-native). This work was attainable by incorporating both published and unpublished data, as well as knowledge from a large set of taxonomists and ecologists in both groups. After providing the first National species lists for bees and hoverflies for many countries, we examine the current distributional patterns of these species and designate the countries with highest levels of species richness. We also show that many species are recorded in a single European country, highlighting the importance of articulating European and national conservation strategies. Finally, we discuss how the data provided here can be combined with future trait and Red List data to implement research that will further advance pollinator conservation