Percentile Data Analysis of Snowfall in J&K and Saichen Glaciers Region

The Indian Himalayas are located between eastings 72° to 96° and the northings 26° to 37°stretching to about 43000 km2 area. There are five major ranges in this region, ie, Pir Panjal,Greater Himalayas, Zanskar, Laddakh, and Karakoram. Saltoro range is the major branch ofwidespread Karakoram ranges which falls in Indian territory. Saichen glaciers are located inSaltoro range. Percentile data of snowfall gives first-hand information about the snowfall patternin Jammu and Kashmir and Saichen glaciers, the two distinguished areas of Indian Himalayaswhich would help in prediction of avalanche activity in these areas. Western disturbanceoriginating from Caspian sea basically dictates the weather condition in this region. Westerndisturbance approaches from western side and hits Pir Panjal range and Greater Himalayan rangefirst, and then either it moves to further north or towards north-eastern region. Westerndisturbance yields maximum precipitation during winter season over north-west Himalayas, butas it moves further, it looses the moisture content, hence reducing the solid snowfall quantitybut stays for a longer duration due to extremely low temperatures observed in the region ofSaichen glaciers. The data analysis shows that the snowfall takes place in Saichen glacierthroughout the year whereas in Jammu and Kashmir area, snowfall takes place only during winterseason. Change in snowfall pattern in these two regions is attributed to the variation intemperature in these regions, movement of weather system, and the difference in altitude. In thepresent study, four locations at varied altitudes from Jammu and Kashmir area and the completeSaichen glaciers region have been covered to analyse the snowfall pattern for the period from1995-2000

WORKING OF ACONTEXT-AWARE CONVERSATIONAL ENTITY

Abstract —  Introduction of new technologies in to the world is increasing rapidly and in order to assist the users to get equipped with such technologies industries are providing customer care services. Contacting a customer care service is subjective to several overheads of selecting options from a listed set, waiting for the switching between selections and awaiting the support of a customer care executive as the process usually requires a human intervention. Hence, a substitute for a personnel is required by the IT industries in order to automate the communication process in assisting the customers. Chatbots with context aware question-answering capabilities can be viewed as a good solution to such customer-care assistance. Development of a chatbot and the complexities involved in getting it to work effectively is delineated in this paper

BSRS: Best Stable Route Selection Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Topological changes in sensor networks frequently render routing paths unusable. Such recurrent path failures have detrimental effects on the network ability to support QoS-driven services. Because of connectivity richness in sensor networks, there often exist multiple paths between a source and a destination. Since many applications require uninterrupted connectivity of a session, the ability to find long-living paths can be very useful. In this paper, we propose Best Stable Route Selection (BSRS) approach based on Artificial Bee Colony based search algorithm, ensures that contributes stable quality performance of network and to calculate the best stable path services randomly based on QoS parameter requirements and existing circulation load; so that efficient route selection can easily capture by designing of proposed BSRS approach. The implementation of the proposed BSRS technique is implemented using NS2 simulation environment and the AODV routing protocol is used to incorporate the proposed algorithm. The experimental results are measured in terms of end to end delay, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and energy consumption and routing overhead. The results show the proposed BSRS algorithm improves the flexibility of network node and performance of network when multiple inefficient paths exist

Ethno-Medicinal Profile of Different Plant Parts of Clotropis procera (AIt.) R. Br.

The present paper reviews the literature on recent ethno medicinal uses of every plant part of Calotropis procera (1968-2009) and its medicinal properties used for the treatment of various ailments as in the case of many types of fevers, rheumatism, indigestion, cough, cold, eczema, asthma, elephantiasis, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, etc. The review includes accounts of medicinal values of all parts of the plant that have been used in folk medicine as a remedy. The name and parts of the plant studied, the spectrum of activity, and methods used are discussed in this review paper

Comparison of measured and Monte Carlo-calculated electron depth dose distributions in aluminium

Depth dose profiles in aluminium have been measured using the cellulose triacetate dosimeter against different electron energies (4, 4.5 and 5 MeV) at a recently upgraded 15 kW industrial electron beam accelerator facility. The study also includes comparison of these profiles against Monte Carlo calculations. The measured and simulated depth dose profiles are similar in shape. For all electron energies, at initial depths, the measured doses are higher than the simulated ones. The simulated and measured normalized surface dose values are 0.58 and 0.66, respectively, independent of electron energy. The difference in the surface dose between Monte Carlo and experiment could be attributed to possible presence of low energy electrons in the measurements whereas the Monte Carlo calculations are based on monoenergetic electrons. Between the region of dose maximum and the tail portion of the depth dose curve, the measured dose is smaller than the simulated values (about 17% to 40% at 5 MeV). Using the depth dose profiles, electron beam parameters such as depth at which maximum dose occurs, dmax, practical range, Rp and half-value depth, R50 have been determined. Using the measured parameters Rp and R50, the incident kinetic energy of the electron beam has been determined. The estimated electron energies while using Rp are 4.02, 4.41 and 4.75 MeV. When using R50, the corresponding values are 3.83, 4.21 and 4.64 MeV. The measured RP/R50 ratios are slightly larger than the Monte Carlo-calculated values, which suggest that the electron beam may not be monoenergetic

Effect of Aviation Turbine Fuel Exposure on Interlaminar and Inplane Shear Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite

This study investigated the effect of aviation turbine fuel exposure on interlaminar and in-plane shear properties of E-glass/epoxy composite. The two types of test specimens, namely bare and resin-coated specimens with varying thicknesses as per the ASTM standard, were made out of E-glass/epoxy composite to evaluate their interlaminar and in-plane shear properties. These all types of specimens were immersed inside the aviation turbine fuel for two months and then afterward their effect on the reduction of mechanical properties like interlaminar and in-plane shear tests properties were experimentally investigated. Test results show that ATF fuel exposure has reduced the interlaminar shear strength by 10.04 %, 7.83 %, and 6.01 % for bare, with 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm resin coating, respectively. Similarly, in-plane shear strength was reduced by 14.75 %, 11.22 %, and 7.52 % for bare, with 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm resin coating, respectively, and in-plane shear modulus was reduced by 10.87 %, 8.94 %, and 6.52 % for bare, with 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm resin coating conditions as compared to as-received (without ATF exposure) specimens.SEM micrographs and results too showed that properties were reduced and indicated that the glass/epoxycomposite was resistive to fuel ingression. It was observed that bare specimens exhibited a reduction in shearproperties due to ATF ingression to the polymeric network and induced internal stresses, which not only degraded the matrix and fiber-matrix adherence but created micro-cracks too in the resin at interfaces. Resin-coated specimens limit fuel ingression, which has led to a reduction in properties