Тепломассоперенос при локальном нагреве и зажигании жидкого топлива сфокусированным потоком излучения

Выполнено численное моделирование комплекса взаимосвязанных процессов тепломассопереноса с фазовыми переходами и химическими реакциями при нагреве и последующем зажигании типичного жидкого топлива сфокусированным потоком излучения. Установлены масштабы влияния процесса поглощения энергии парогазовой смесью и жидкостью на характеристики зажигания

The Racing-Game Effect: Why Do Video Racing Games Increase Risk-Taking Inclinations?

The present studies investigated why video racing games increase players’ risk-taking inclinations. Four studies reveal that playing video racing games increases risk taking in a subsequent simulated road traffic situation, as well as risk-promoting cognitions and emotions, blood pressure,sensation seeking, and attitudes toward reckless driving. Study 1 ruled out the role of experimental demand in creating such effects. Studies 2 and 3 showed that the effect of playing video racing games on risk taking was partially mediated by changes in selfperceptions as a reckless driver. These effects were evident only when the individual played racing games that reward traffic violations rather than racing games that do not reward traffic violations (Study 3) and when the individual was an active player of such games rather than a passive observer (Study 4). In sum, the results underline the potential negative impact of racing games on traffic safety

Alertness and visuospatial attention in clinical depression

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cognitive deficits are a substantial burden in clinical depression. The present study considered dysfunction in the right-hemispheric attention network in depression, examining alertness and visuospatial attention.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Three computerized visuospatial attention tests and an alertness test were administered to 16 depressive patients and 16 matched healthy controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although no significant group effect was observed, alertness predicted reduced visuospatial performance in the left hemifield. Furthermore, sad mood showed a trend towards predicting left visual field omissions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Decreased alertness may lead to lower left hemifield visuospatial attention; this mechanism may be responsible for a spatial bias to the right side in depression, even though treatment of depression and anxiety may reduce this cognitive deficit.</p

Validation of a Modern Aviation Psychology Test Battery Using Aertificial Neural Networks: First Results of Two Pilot Studies

The present paper deals with the problem of data integration in the context of aviation psychological assessment. In the first pilot study 99 pilot applicants completed a comprehensive test battery. The general judgment of the candidates’ performance in a flight simulator served as an external criterion. To examine the predictive validity of this test battery, both a discriminant analysis as well as an artificial neural network were calculated and compared with each other with regard to classification rate, stability, and their respective differentiability of suited and not suited applicants based on their success probabilities. The results of this first pilot study demonstrate that artificial neural networks outperform classical methods of statistical judgment formation with regard to classification rate and differentiability of suited and not suited applicants based on their success probabilities. In the second study 264 applicants for the position of a commissioned officer in the air force completed a smaller test battery, which also included measures of personality traits. The general judgment of the candidates’ performance in a flight simulator served as external criterion. To examine the predictive validity of this test battery, a discriminant analysis as well as a logistic regression analysis and artificial neural network were calculated and compared with each other with regard to classification rate, stability, and capacity to separate correct and incorrect classifications. The results of this second study replicate the finding of the first pilot study by demonstrating, that artificial neural networks result into higher classification rates and a better differentiability of suited and not suited applicants based on their success probabilities. Based on these results it is concluded, that artificial neural networks provide a valuable tool for the selection of pilots which increases the objectivity and precision of diagnostical judgments derived from standardized test batteries