Cultural Diversity among the Employees and its Effect in Organizational Climate

Cultural diversity is a group of diverse individuals from different cultures or societies. The study is conducted to explore how manage workforce diversity and its consequences to the company’s existence as well as examine how companies’ deal with challenges that comes with employees from diverse cultural backgrounds. The study describe diversity challenges that can affect the working climate and conflict between the employees through the diversity .The result shows that cultural diversity plays an effective role in some companies however inadequate mentoring and guidance could cause a company low productivity. For this reason there is must be regular improvement in ways to effectively manage a cultural diverse in workforce as the world keeps advancing

Effect of polymer molecular weight on the absorption of polyacrylic acid at the alumina-water interface

The absorption and electrokinetic characteristics of alumina suspensions in the presence of polyacrylic acid as a dispersant have been studied. The adsorption isotherms exhibit high-affinity Langmuirian behaviour. The adsorption density decreases with increasing in pH, while it increases with increasing molecular weight of the polymer. Electrokinetic studies indicate specific adsorption at and above the isoelectric point of the alumina sample. Possible mechanisms of interaction between alumina and polyacrylic acid are discussed

Surface chemical studies on the competitive adsorption of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(vinyl alcohol) onto alumina

The adsorption of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) onto alumina has been studied as a function of pH, both individually and in the presence of each other. The adsorption density of PAA is found to decrease with an increase of pH while that of PVA shows the opposite trend. In a binary system containing PAA and PVA, the presence of PVA does not affect the adsorption of PAA onto alumina, but the addition of PAA diminishes the adsorption of PVA in the pH range investigated. The adsorption isotherm of PAA at acidic pH exhibits high-affinity Langmuirian behavior. The isotherms for PVA appear rounded and are of the low-affinity type. Once again the adsorption isotherms of PAA remain unaltered in the presence of PVA whereas those of PVA are significantly affected resulting in a lowering of the adsorption density consequent to PAA addition. A variation in the sequence of addition of PAA and PVA does not affect the adsorption behavior of either of the polymers. The electrokinetic behavior of alumina with PAA is hardly influenced by the addition of PVA. On the other hand, the electrophoretic mobility of alumina in the presence of PVA is significantly altered in the presence of PAA and closely resembles the trend observed with PAA alone. Desorption studies reveal that over 80% of PVA could be desorbed in the pH range 3-9 whereas in the case of PAA, the percent desorption increases from 20 to about 70% as the pH is increased from about 3 to 8. Solution conductivity tests confirm interaction of aluminum species and PAA in the bulk solution. FTIR spectroscopic data provide evidence in support of hydrogen bonding and chemical interaction in the case of the PAA-alumina system and hydrogen bonding with respect to the PVA-alumina interaction

1-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole

In the title molecule, C19H20N2O2, the imidazole ring makes dihedral angles of 57.29 (5) and 31.54 (5)° with the attached dimethoxyphenyl residue and the phenyl ring, respectively. The dihedral angle between the dimethoxyphenyl and phenyl rings is 61.15 (5)°. In the crystal, pairs of C—H...N hydrogen bonds connect the molecules into inversion dimers

Effect of polymer molecular weight on the adsorption of polyacrylic acid at the alumina-water interface

The adsorption and electrokinetic characteristics of alumina suspensions in the presence of polyacrylic acid as a dispersant have been studied. The adsorption isotherms exhibit high-affinity Langmuirian behaviour. The adsorption density decreases with increasing in pH, while it increases with increasing molecular weight of the polymer. Electrokinetic studies indicate specific adsorption at and above the isoelectric point of the alumina sample. Possible mechanisms of interaction between alumina and polyacrylic acid are discussed

Adsorption and electrokinetic studies on alumina suspensions using poly(vinyl alcohol)

The adsorption of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) of molecular weight 25,000 onto alumina was studied as a function of pH. The adsorption isotherms were also determined. The adsorption density increases with increasing pH, while the isotherms are rounded and of the low affinity type. Electrokinetic studies indicate that the electrophoretic mobilities are reduced in magnitude in proportion to the PVA concentration, without any shift in isoelectric-point (iep). This resembles the influence of an indifferent electrolyte. The calculated values of the free energy of adsorption between alumina and PVA are suggestive of hydrogen bonding. FTIR spectroscopic data provide additional evidence in support of hydrogen bonding

Kinetic Studies of Amino Acid-Based Surfactant Binding to DNA

In this work, the binding kinetics of amino acid-based surfactants, presenting different linkers and head groups, with calf thymus (CT)-DNA was studied using stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy. The kinetic studies were carried out as a function of Na+ concentration and surfactant-to-DNA charge ratio. The surfactant binding on DNA took place in two consecutive steps, for which the corresponding first and second relative rate constants (k(1) and k(2)) were determined. The fast step was attributed to the surfactant binding to DNA and micelle formation in its vicinity, the slower step to DNA condensation and possible rearrangement of the surfactant aggregates. In general, both relative rate constants increase with surfactant concentration and decrease with the ionic strength of the medium. The architecture of the surfactant was found to have a significant impact on the kinetics of the DNA surfactant complexation. Surfactants with amide linkers showed larger relative rate constants than those with ester linkers. The variation of the relative rate constants with the head groups of the surfactants, alanine and proline, was found to be less obvious, being partially dependent on the surfactant concentration

Role of linker groups between hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties of cationic surfactants on oligonucleotide−surfactant interactions

The interaction between DNA and amino-acid-based surfactants with different linker groups was investigated by gel electrophoresis, ethidium bromide exclusion assays, circular dichroism, and melting temperature determinations. The studies showed that the strength of the interaction between the oligonucleotides and the surfactants is highly dependent on the linker of the surfactant. For ester surfactants, no significant interaction was observed for surfactant-to-DNA charge ratios up to 12. On the other hand, amide surfactants were shown to interact strongly with the oligonucleotides; these surfactants could displace up to 75% of the ethidium bromide molecules bound to the DNA and induced significant changes in the circular dichroism spectra. When comparing the headgroups of the surfactants, it was observed that surfactants with more hydrophobic headgroups (proline vs alanine) interacted more strongly with the DNA, in good agreement with previous studies