Distributed Anomaly Detection using Autoencoder Neural Networks in WSN for IoT

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are fundamental to the Internet of Things (IoT) by bridging the gap between the physical and the cyber worlds. Anomaly detection is a critical task in this context as it is responsible for identifying various events of interests such as equipment faults and undiscovered phenomena. However, this task is challenging because of the elusive nature of anomalies and the volatility of the ambient environments. In a resource-scarce setting like WSN, this challenge is further elevated and weakens the suitability of many existing solutions. In this paper, for the first time, we introduce autoencoder neural networks into WSN to solve the anomaly detection problem. We design a two-part algorithm that resides on sensors and the IoT cloud respectively, such that (i) anomalies can be detected at sensors in a fully distributed manner without the need for communicating with any other sensors or the cloud, and (ii) the relatively more computation-intensive learning task can be handled by the cloud with a much lower (and configurable) frequency. In addition to the minimal communication overhead, the computational load on sensors is also very low (of polynomial complexity) and readily affordable by most COTS sensors. Using a real WSN indoor testbed and sensor data collected over 4 consecutive months, we demonstrate via experiments that our proposed autoencoder-based anomaly detection mechanism achieves high detection accuracy and low false alarm rate. It is also able to adapt to unforeseeable and new changes in a non-stationary environment, thanks to the unsupervised learning feature of our chosen autoencoder neural networks.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, IEEE ICC 201

Home Automation Using Smart AI Assistant

Artificial intelligence is taking over all the platforms and applications and making them more and more user friendly and intelligent and gives the application a human like behaviour and thinking. AI is being used everywhere now-a-days because applications that use AI are able to learn and improve and require less maintenance. This paper “Home automation using smart AI assistant” is a voice command-based AI assistant coded using python and Natural Language Processing NLP that can respond to user queries and responds to voice-based commands of the user. Using this AI Assistant users can send emails to anyone just by speaking the receiver’s name, subject of email and the email body. The users can send WhatsApp messages to any of their contacts just speak the message and to whom you want to send it, users can do google searches and open google tabs by voice search, users can do Wikipedia searches and can also open any YouTube video they want to watch. With this AI Assistant we can also get weather updates and news updates, just speak what news updates you want and the Assistant will read it for you.  We can also check the computer performance, add remainders and to-dos. We can open our documents, play our favourite music or watch our favourite movie and do many more thigs just by a simple voice command. This assistant is also used for voice-controlled home automation. Using this Assistant, we can control our home electrical appliances with simple voice commands like turn on the room lights, fans, AC etc

Dynamics of double emulsion break-up in three phase glass capillary microfluidic devices

Pinch-off of a compound jet in 3D glass capillary microfluidic device, which combines co-flowing and countercurrent flow focusing geometries, was investigated using an incompressible three-phase axisymmetric Volume of Fluid–Continuum Surface Force (VOF–CSF) numerical model. The model showed good agreement with the experimental drop generation and was capable of predicting formation of core/shell droplets in dripping, narrowing jetting and widening jetting regimes. In dripping and widening jetting regimes, the presence of a vortex flow around the upstream end of the necking thread facilitates the jet break-up. No vortex flow was observed in narrowing jetting regime and pinch-off occurred due to higher velocity at the downstream end of the coaxial thread compared to that at the upstream end. In all regimes, the inner jet ruptured before the outer jet, preventing a leakage of the inner drop into the outer fluid. The necking region moves at the maximum speed in the narrowing jetting regime, due to the highest level of shear at the outer surface of the thread. However, in widening jetting regime, the neck travels the longest distance downstream before it breaks

Double emulsion production in glass capillary microfluidic device: Parametric investigation of droplet generation behaviour

A three-phase axisymmetric numerical model based on Volume of Fluid–Continuum Surface Force (VOF–CSF) model was developed to perform parametric analysis of compound droplet production in three-phase glass capillary devices that combine co-flow and countercurrent flow focusing. The model predicted successfully generation of core–shell and multi-cored double emulsion droplets in dripping and jetting (narrowing and widening) regime and was used to investigate the effects of phase flow rates, fluid properties, and geometry on the size, morphology, and production rate of droplets. As the outer fluid flow rate increased, the size of compound droplets was reduced until a dripping-to-jetting transition occurred. By increasing the middle fluid flow rate, the size of compound droplets increased, which led to a widening jetting regime. The jetting was supressed by increasing the orifice size in the collection capillary or increasing the interfacial tension at the outer interface up to 0.06 N/m. The experimental and simulation results can be used to encapsulate CO2 solvents within gas-permeable microcapsules

Provision of Relevant Results on web search Based on Browsing History

Different users submit a query to a web search engine with different needs. The general type of search engines follows the "one size fits all" model which is not flexible to individual users resulting in too many answers for the query.  In order to overcome this drawback, in this paper, we propose a framework for personalized web search which considers individual's interest introducing intelligence into the traditional web search and producing only relevant pages of user interest. This proposed method is simple and efficient which ensures quality suggestions as well as promises for effective and relevant information retrieval. The framework for personalized web search engine is based on user past browsing history. This context is then used to make the web search more personalized. The results are encouraging

Designing the Optimal Video Hook: Effect of Screen Size and Screen Ratio on the Perception of Trailers

Trailers have been recognized by marketers as one of the most crucial components in marketing movies or music videos. This paper examines the implications of screen size and screen shape in the reception of trailers. Two experiments were conducted to investigate if screen size and screen shape rendered a music video trailer and the music more favorable. Participants’ willingness to spread positive word of mouth regarding the trailer was also studied. Furthermore, a field study was conducted to examine whether two movie trailers with different screen shapes affected the degree to which people favored the trailer. Results suggest that screen size and screen shape affected viewers’ perception of the music video trailer and their willingness to spread positive word of mouth

Photophysics of phycoerythrocyanins from the cyanobacterium Westiellopsis prolifica studied by time-resolved fluorescence and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy

Three building blocks of the antenna complexes of the cyanobacterium Westiellopsis prolifica were studied: PEC(X), which is similar to the α-subunit of phycoerythrocyanin (PEC), trimers of PEC and monomers derived from these by deaggregation with KSCN. The fit of the fluorescence decay curve of PEC(X) requires at least four exponentials, although it supposedly contains only one chromophore. The coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra indicate that the heterogeneity observed is due to geometrical isomers, which are in part generated by photoinduced processes. A similar heterogeneity in chromophore structure and properties is also found in the monomers, where four exponentials are needed to fit the fluorescence decay curve. As in trimers, there is a long-lived, low-amplitude component, which can be assigned to impurities and/or oxidation products. The energy transfer time between the two phyocyanobilin chromophores in the β-subunit is about 500 ps; the lifetime of the fluorescing β-chromophore is 1.5 ns. The phycoviolobilin chromophore in the α-subunit adopts different geometries characterized by fluorescence lifetimes of about 240 and 800 ps. No evidence was found for energy transfer between the α-chromophore and the β-chromophores. This energy transfer occurs in trimers on a time scale of less than 20 ps; the energy transfer time between the two different types of β-chromophore is about 250 ps and the lifetime of the terminal emitter is about 1.5 ns. The excited state kinetics are therefore similar to those of PEC trimers from Mastigocladus laminosus, as are the CARS spectra, indicating a similar chromophore—protein arrangement. In comparison with phycocyanin, the ordering of the excited states of chromophores β84 and β155 may be changed. Although PEC trimers of Westiellopsis prolifica show almost as good a photostability as trimers of Mastigocladus laminosus, monomers are so photolabile that no CARS spectra could be recorded