CUTANEOUS ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN GENERAL PRACTICE - AN ANALYSIS

Aim: To study the pattern of cutaneous adverse drug reactions presenting to general practitioners in a semi urban area.  Methodology and Results: This study was conducted among general practitioners of Villupuram, a semi urban area in Tamilnadu State. During the study, a total of 60 CADRs were reported. Data were collected using standard CDSCO ADR form. The majority of CADRs were observed in the age group of 20-40 years. According to WHO causality assessment, 48 were probable and 12 were possible. The severity assessment using modified hartwig and seigel revealed 18 mild, 41 moderate and one severe CADRs. The common drug groups implicated are antibiotics followed by NSAIDS and anticonvulsants. Maculopapular rash was the most common presentation of CADRs.Conclusion: Among the various types of CADRs seen in this study, Maculopapular rash was the most common followed by fixed drug eruption. studies antimicrobials were the most common causative agent followed by NSAIDs and anti- convulsants. This study on CADRs gains importance as the pattern of drug use is changing periodically and everyday many new drugs enter the market

Novel Approach for Diagnosis of Brain Diseases byUsing Mixed Scheme on MRI and CT Images

Now days, multimodal medical image has growing interest in the field of analysis and diagnosis of brain diseases. In order to obtain complementary information from multimodal input images, multimodal image fusion become widely popular. Here fusion of the input multimodal images is done either by Spatial Domain or by Transform Domain method. Limitations of Spatial domain method force us to use transform domain fusion method. Discrete Wavelet Transform is one of the popular real valued wavelet transform method of transform domain fusion, but it has disadvantages like shift sensitivity and lack of phase information. These disadvantages motivate us to use the complex Wavelet Transform. In the present work we prefer New Daubechies Complex Wavelet Transform (DCxWT) Method for multimodal image fusion.shift invariance and availability of phase information properties of DCxWT create an output fused image of greater quality. In this work we apply two separate image fusion rule for approximation and detailed coefficient

Kinetics & Mechanism of Oxidation of Methyl Ethyl Ketone by Vanadium(V) in Dilute Sulphuric Acid

608-61

Translational diffusion of fluorescent probes on a sphere: monte carlo simulations, theory, and fluorescence anisotropy experiment

Translational diffusion of fluorescent molecules on curved surfaces (micelles, vesicles, and proteins) depolarizes the fluorescence. A Monte Carlo simulation method was developed to obtain the fluorescence anisotropy decays for the general case of molecular dipoles tilted at an angle a to the surface normal. The method is used to obtain fluorescence anisotropy decay due to diffusion of tilted dipoles on a spherical surface, which matched well with the exact solution for the sphere. The anisotropy decay is a single exponential for α = 0° , a double exponential for α = 90° , and three exponentials for intermediate angles. The slower decay component(s) for α ≠ 0 arise due to the geometric phase factor. Although the anisotropy decay equation contains three exponentials, there are only two parameters, namely a and the rate constant, Dtr/R2, where Dtr is the translational diffusion coefficient and R is the radius of the sphere. It is therefore possible to determine the orientation angle and translational diffusion coefficient from the experimental fluorescence anisotropy data. This method was applied in interpreting the fluorescence anisotropy decay of Nile red in SDS micelles. It is necessary, however, to include two other independent mechanisms of fluorescence depolarization for molecules intercalated in micelles. These are the wobbling dynamics of the molecule about the molecular long axis, and the rotation of the spherical micelle as a whole. The fitting of the fluorescence anisotropy decay to the full equation gave the tilt angle of the molecular dipoles to be 1± 2° and the translational diffusion coefficient to be 1.3± 0.1×10-10 m2/s

calcifying odontogenic cyst- a three - dimensional radiological evaluation by cone beam computed tomography

Calcifying odontogenic cysts is an odontogenic cyst that gives rise to painless swelling which expand and occasionally perforate bone. Most of them are between 2 to 4 cm in diameter. Approximately 75% occur in anterior canine-incisor region. The highest incidence of occurence is between 10 and 29 years. Radiographically they appear as well-circumscribed, unilocular cyst-like areas with scattered radioacities which range from mere flecks to large masses. The related tooth usually gets displaced. Radiopaque flecks occur in radiographic features of some lesions which undergo osteolysis during their development. The radiopaque flecks occur as a result of dystrophic calcifications in long standing chronic mature lesions. The location of such radiopaque flecks whether pericoronal or periapical is also crucial in narrowing the diagnosis. Radiopaque flecks in pericoronal region occurs in calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, whereas in calcifying odontogenic cyst , such radiopaque flecks appears small, discrete, pebble-like with a smooth outline in periapical region. Such pebbles of radiopaque specks were incidentally seen in cone beam computed tomography in a 20-year-old male evaluated radiographically in orthogonal planes in coronal, axial, sagittal slices and three-dimensional reconstructed view and treated by surgical enucleation was described here

An evaluation of the prevalence, cause and risk factors associated with leucorrhoea in reproductive age group women

Background: The community based study was carried out in women of reproductive age group with a specific aim to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of leucorrhoea.Methods: In this investigation, a total of 191 women who presented with gynaecological complaint of white discharge and seeking medical assistance was taken as a study sample for PAP smear. The basic details like socio demographic, past obstetric history and menstrual history were included prior to the smear study.Results: High prevalence of vaginal discharge was observed in the age group of 30-39, those who had two parity, previous obstetric history of normal vaginal delivery and usage of Copper T as a method of contraception. The binary logistics model explains the risk factors levels of abnormal vaginal discharge with 95% confident interval. Based on the data analysed, the age group of 30-39 and 40-49 are more likely to have a risk of 3.22 and 2.68 folds respectively. Likewise, the participants with the history of diabetes had a 2.08 folds increased risk of leucorrhoea rather than other complications and 2.21 folds of risk to those who used barrier methods like condom as a contraceptive method.Conclusions: The results concluded that the occurrence of vaginal discharge in women is age dependent and the most common risk factors for causing the vaginal discharge in the reproductive age group i.e. 30-49 years of age, are previous normal vaginal delivery, diabetes and usage of contraceptive methods like intra uterine contraceptive device and barrier methods

Photoperiod and vernalisation response of Mediterranean wheats, and implications for adaptation

Hexaploid wheat has the largest cultivated area among crop plants due to its adaptability to different agroclimatic regions. A large part of this adaptability depends upon the variation in vernalisation and photoperiod requirements. A better understanding of the genetic control of flowering in wheat, as expressed by vernalisation requirements and photoperiod response, will guide breeders in targeting crosses of different types and will also improve our understanding of regional adaptation requirements. Characterisation of large numbers of breeding lines for photoperiod and vernalisation response in wheat is needed to assign the lines to geographic areas of most probable adaptation. Simple screening methods to quantify the effects of these two factors and their interaction are needed to assist breeding progress. Twenty wheat lines were evaluated for response to photoperiod and vernalisation under two controlled environments and under high ambient air temperatures in field conditions. Vernalised and non vernalised seedlings were transplanted into pots and placed in three photoperiod (8, 12 and 16 h light) cabinets, in the greenhouse or in growth chambers. Days to anthesis decreased with increasing length of photoperiod. Vernalised plants flowered earlier than non vernalised plants. There was a significant correlation between days to anthesis in the greenhouse and the growth chamber (r=0.88, P<0.001). Length of basal vegetative period, effects of vernalisation, and photoperiod from the two screening techniques were positively correlated with each other. Growth habit score, vernalisation requirement and heading date in the field were highly correlated with the main effect of vernalisation in the two controlled environments. The results indicated that selection for vernalisation response in a large number of genotypes can be achieved under high ambient air temperatures in the field. The selected material can subsequently be screened for photoperiod response under greenhouse conditions. Using these techniques, 49 local and improved cultivars from the Mediterranean region in west Asia and north Africa (WANA), showing differences in response to photoperiod, vernalisation, and earliness independent of vernalisation and photoperiod, affecting time to anthesis, were identified. Most old local cultivars were sensitive to both photoperiod and vernalisation. All the improved genotypes were insensitive to photoperiod. Responses to vernalisation were generally small under short photoperiods, but were more pronounced in long photoperiod, particularly in winter and facultative types from northern latitudes. These results should help to explain the adaptability of cultivars based on photoperiod and vernalisation requirements and their interactio

Dynamic tracking of microvascular hemoglobin content for continuous perfusion monitoring in the intensive care unit: pilot feasibility study

Purpose: There is a need for bedside methods to monitor oxygen delivery in the microcirculation. Near-infrared spectroscopy commonly measures tissue oxygen saturation, but does not reflect the time-dependent variability of microvascular hemoglobin content (MHC) that attempts to match oxygen supply with demand. The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of MHC monitoring in critically ill patients using high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy to assess perfusion in the peripheral microcirculation. Methods: Prospective observational cohort of 36 patients admitted within 48 h at a tertiary intensive care unit. Perfusion was measured on the quadriceps, biceps, and/or deltoid, using the temporal change in optical density at the isosbestic wavelength of hemoglobin (798 nm). Continuous wavelet transform was applied to the hemoglobin signal to delineate frequency ranges corresponding to physiological oscillations in the cardiovascular system. Results: 31/36 patients had adequate signal quality for analysis, most commonly affected by motion artifacts. MHC signal demonstrates inter-subject heterogeneity in the cohort, indicated by different patterns of variability and frequency composition. Signal characteristics were concordant between muscle groups in the same patient, and correlated with systemic hemoglobin levels and oxygen saturation. Signal power was lower for patients receiving vasopressors, but not correlated with mean arterial pressure. Mechanical ventilation directly impacts MHC in peripheral tissue. Conclusion: MHC can be measured continuously in the ICU with high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy, and reflects the dynamic variability of hemoglobin distribution in the microcirculation. Results suggest this novel hemodynamic metric should be further evaluated for diagnosing microvascular dysfunction and monitoring peripheral perfusion