Genetic polymorphism of kappa casein and casein micelle size in the Bulgarian Rhodopean cattle breed

The present study aimed to compare the size of casein micelle in cow milk sample in function of kappa casein (CSN3) genetic polymorphism. Sixteen cows from Bulgarian Rhodopean cattle breed were genotyped by PCR-RFLP analysis. Milk samples from the three found CSN3 genotypes (AB, AA and BB) were employed for the determination of casein micelles size by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The results showed differences in the size and polydispersity of the casein micelles between the milks of cows with different genotypes. Hydrodynamic radii of micelles at a scattering angle of 90 °C varied from 80 to 120 nm and polydispersity varied from 0.15 to 0.37. In conclusion casein micelle size of CSN3 AA cows (~ 120 nm) exceed with about 60% cows with AB (~ 80 nm) and BB genotype (~ 70 nm). These results could be useful for improving technological properties of the milk

Meta-Analysis of mitochondrial DNA reveals several population bottlenecks during worldwide migrations of cattle

Several studies have investigated the differentiation of mitochondrial DNA in Eurasian, African and American cattle as well as archaeological bovine material. A global survey of these studies shows that haplogroup distributions are more stable in time than in space. All major migrations of cattle have shifted the haplogroup distributions considerably with a reduction of the number of haplogroups and/or an expansion of haplotypes that are rare or absent in the ancestral populations. The most extreme case is the almost exclusive colonization of Africa by the T1 haplogroup, which is rare in Southwest Asian cattle. In contrast, ancient samples invariably show continuity with present-day cattle from the same location. These findings indicate strong maternal founder effects followed by limited maternal gene flow when new territories are colonized. However, effects of adaptation to new environments may also play a role.Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasInstituto de Genética Veterinari

Meta-Analysis of mitochondrial DNA reveals several population bottlenecks during worldwide migrations of cattle

Several studies have investigated the differentiation of mitochondrial DNA in Eurasian, African and American cattle as well as archaeological bovine material. A global survey of these studies shows that haplogroup distributions are more stable in time than in space. All major migrations of cattle have shifted the haplogroup distributions considerably with a reduction of the number of haplogroups and/or an expansion of haplotypes that are rare or absent in the ancestral populations. The most extreme case is the almost exclusive colonization of Africa by the T1 haplogroup, which is rare in Southwest Asian cattle. In contrast, ancient samples invariably show continuity with present-day cattle from the same location. These findings indicate strong maternal founder effects followed by limited maternal gene flow when new territories are colonized. However, effects of adaptation to new environments may also play a role.Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasInstituto de Genética Veterinari

ARTICLE MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 50 YEARS ROUMEN TSANEV INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY NATIVE AND RECOMBINANT FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN 3 FROM FASCIOLA HEPATICA AS A POTENTIAL ANTIGEN

ABSTRACT Lipid-binding proteins are members of widely distributed protein family. They take part in metabolism of different lipophilic ligands and also have a role in physiological activity, metabolism and disposition of essential hydrophobic compounds (fatty acids, phospholipids, eicosanoids, retinoids, etc.

Agricultural Academy

Abstract NEOV, B., D. TEOFANOVA, L. ZAGORCHEV, G. RADOSLAVOV and P. HRISTOV, 2013. Mi lk protein polymorphism in Bulgarian grey cattle population. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., Supplement 2, Application of gene specifi c molecular markers in genotyping and genetic identifi cation is of an essential signifi cance for preserving genetic diversity. The aim of the present research is to reveal the genotype profi le of native Bulgarian Grey cattle population with respect to lactoprotein genes: kappa-casein and αS1-casein through PCR-RFLP analysis. The results for kappa-casein locus show superiority of heterozygous AB genotype and prevalence of the uncommon B allele. Analysis of the polymorphism of alfaS1-casein gene displays high frequency of heterozygous BC genotype and C allele of gene. Genetic profi le of the breed is compared to other cattle populations to establish the position of the breed about other European cattle breeds genetic diversity. It may be concluded that Bulgarian grey cow is with specifi c genotype profi le similar to other cattle population in South-Eastern Europe

ONOS

We present our experiences to date building ONOS (Open Network Operating System), an experimental distributed SDN control platform motivated by the performance, scalability, and availability requirements of large operator networks. We describe and evaluate two ONOS prototypes. The first version implemented core features: a distributed, but logically centralized, global network view; scale-out; and fault tolerance. The second version focused on improving performance. Based on experience with these prototypes, we identify additional steps that will be required for ONOS to support use cases such as core network traffic engineering and scheduling, and to become a usable open source, distributed network OS platform that the SDN community can build upon