Orchidaceae, Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya, India

A checklist of 237 species of orchids recorded from the state of Uttarakhand, India, is provided. Of these127 are terrestrial, 99 epiphytic and 11 saprophytic. The present study shows that Poneorchis nana (King & Pantl.) Soois a new record for Uttarakhand. Bulbophyllum secundum Hook. and Eulophia hormusjii Duthie that have earlier beenmerged into other species, during the present study after detailed scrutiny, have been treated as separate species.Androcorys pugioniformis (Lindl. ex Hook. f.) K.Y. Lang. has been rediscovered after a century gap. Nomenclature hasbeen updated as far as possible with the help of available recent taxonomic literature

The effect of triple therapy on the mortality of catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome patients

Objectives. The objective of this study was to assess the effect that triple therapy (anticoagulation plus CS plus plasma exchange and/or IVIGs) has on the mortality risk of patients with catastrophic APS (CAPS) included in the CAPS Registry. Methods. Patients from the CAPS Registry were grouped based on their treatments: triple therapy; drugs included in the triple therapy but in different combinations; and none of the treatments included in the triple therapy. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to compare mortality risk between groups. Results. The CAPS Registry cohort included 525 episodes of CAPS accounting for 502 patients. After excluding 54 episodes (10.3%), a total of 471 patients with CAPS were included [mean (S.D.) age 38.5 years (17); 68.2% female primary APS patients 62%]. Overall, 174 (36.9%) patients died. Triple therapy was prescribed in 189 episodes (40.1%), other combinations in 270 (57.3%) and none of those treatments in 12 episodes (2.5%); the mortality rate in the three groups was 28.6, 41.1 and 75%, respectively. Triple therapy was positively associated with a higher chance of survival when compared with non-treatment [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 9.7, 95% CI: 2.3, 40.6] or treatment with other combinations of drugs included in the triple therapy (adjusted OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.6). No statistical differences were found between patients that received triple therapy with plasma exchange or IVIGs (P = 0.92). Conclusion. Triple therapy is independently associated with a higher survival rate among patients with CAPS. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology