2,387 research outputs found
Freezing Transition of Random Heteropolymers Consisting of an Arbitrary Set of Monomers
Mean field replica theory is employed to analyze the freezing transition of
random heteropolymers comprised of an arbitrary number () of types of
monomers. Our formalism assumes that interactions are short range and
heterogeneity comes only from pairwise interactions, which are defined by an
arbitrary matrix. We show that, in general, there exists a
freezing transition from a random globule, in which the thermodynamic
equilibrium is comprised of an essentially infinite number polymer
conformations, to a frozen globule, in which equilibrium ensemble is dominated
by one or very few conformations. We also examine some special cases of
interaction matrices to analyze the relationship between the freezing
transition and the nature of interactions involved.Comment: 30 pages, 1 postscript figur
N-p-Chlorophenyl-2-thenohydroxamic Acid a Sensitive Reagent for Spectrophotometric Determination of Vanadium
The solvent extraction and spectrophotometric determination
of vanadium(V) with N-p-chlorophenyl-2-thenohydroxamic acid
(CPTHA) is described. The absorption spectrum of the vanadium(V)-
CPTHA extracts in chloroform, from 4 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid
has its absorbance maximum at 530 nm; the reagent being colourless
does not absorb at this wavelength. The coloured system obeys
Beer\u27s law over a wide range. The molar absorptivity in terms of
vanadium is 5500 dm3 mo1-1 cm-1 at 530 nm. The optimum acid range
for quantitative extraction of the chelate is 3 to 9 mol/dm3 hydrochloric
acid. The method is free from the interference of iron(III)
and several other alloying elements which are often associated with
vanadium. The method has been successfully used for determination
of vanadium in BCS steels
N-p-Chlorophenyl-2-thenohydroxamic Acid a Sensitive Reagent for Spectrophotometric Determination of Vanadium
The solvent extraction and spectrophotometric determination
of vanadium(V) with N-p-chlorophenyl-2-thenohydroxamic acid
(CPTHA) is described. The absorption spectrum of the vanadium(V)-
CPTHA extracts in chloroform, from 4 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid
has its absorbance maximum at 530 nm; the reagent being colourless
does not absorb at this wavelength. The coloured system obeys
Beer\u27s law over a wide range. The molar absorptivity in terms of
vanadium is 5500 dm3 mo1-1 cm-1 at 530 nm. The optimum acid range
for quantitative extraction of the chelate is 3 to 9 mol/dm3 hydrochloric
acid. The method is free from the interference of iron(III)
and several other alloying elements which are often associated with
vanadium. The method has been successfully used for determination
of vanadium in BCS steels
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Dendrimer-Encapsulated Nanoparticles: New Synthetic and Characterization Methods and Catalytic Applications
In this article we describe the synthesis, characterization, and applications of dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs). These materials are synthesized using a template approach in which metal ions are extracted into the interior of dendrimers and then subsequently reduced chemically to yield nearly size-monodisperse particles having diameters in the 1-2 nm range. Monometallic, bimetallic (alloy and core@shell), and semiconductor nanoparticles have been prepared by this route. The dendrimer component of these composites serves not only as a template for preparing the nanoparticle replica, but also as a stabilizer for the nanoparticle. In this perspective, we report on progress in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of these materials since our last review in 2005. Significant advances in the synthesis of core@shell DENs, characterization, and applications to homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis (including electrocatalysis) are emphasized.U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences DE-FG02-09ER16090U.S. National Science Foundation 0847957Robert A. Welch Foundation F-0032Chemistr
Is Heteropolymer Freezing Well Described by the Random Energy Model?
It is widely held that the Random Energy Model (REM) describes the freezing
transition of a variety of types of heteropolymers. We demonstrate that the
hallmark property of REM, statistical independence of the energies of states
over disorder, is violated in different ways for models commonly employed in
heteropolymer freezing studies. The implications for proteins are also
discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 eps figures To appear in Physical Review Letters, May 199
Gunrock: A High-Performance Graph Processing Library on the GPU
For large-scale graph analytics on the GPU, the irregularity of data access
and control flow, and the complexity of programming GPUs have been two
significant challenges for developing a programmable high-performance graph
library. "Gunrock", our graph-processing system designed specifically for the
GPU, uses a high-level, bulk-synchronous, data-centric abstraction focused on
operations on a vertex or edge frontier. Gunrock achieves a balance between
performance and expressiveness by coupling high performance GPU computing
primitives and optimization strategies with a high-level programming model that
allows programmers to quickly develop new graph primitives with small code size
and minimal GPU programming knowledge. We evaluate Gunrock on five key graph
primitives and show that Gunrock has on average at least an order of magnitude
speedup over Boost and PowerGraph, comparable performance to the fastest GPU
hardwired primitives, and better performance than any other GPU high-level
graph library.Comment: 14 pages, accepted by PPoPP'16 (removed the text repetition in the
previous version v5
A retrospective analysis comparing functional and radiological outcomes after treatment of unstable distal radius fractures using volar locked plate versus percutaneous fixation
Background: Distal radius fractures are one of the most routinely encountered injuries in an orthopaedic setting. Despite the wide variety of treatment options available there is still debate about the optimal way to treat these fractures. The aim was to evaluate and compare functional and radiological outcomes of unstable distal radius fractures treated by either by using volar locking compression plating (VLP) or by using percutaneous fixation augmented by Kirschner (K) wires (EF).Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on all cases of acute unstable unilateral fracture distal radius who were admitted between January 2015 and December 2017 and were treated either by VLP or EF. QuickDASH score and PRWE were documented at every follow up in OPD at 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year post-op along with serial X-rays at immediate post-op and 01 year which were then compared.Results: A total of 122 cases of fracture distal radius were selected for study which fulfilled the inclusion criteria out of which 49 were treated by VLP and 73 by EF. There was no statistical difference in QuickDASH, PRWE scores or wrist ROM between two groups at1 year follow up. However VLP group was better in maintaining palmar tilt, radial length and inclination at the end of 1 year.Conclusions: Both VLP and EF show comparable and predictable good outcomes in treating unstable distal radius fractures when measured in terms of ROM and clinically validated patient outcome scores at 01 year follow up with similar rate of complications.
Primary Sequences of Protein-Like Copolymers: Levy Flight Type Long Range Correlations
We consider the statistical properties of primary sequences of two-letter HP
copolymers (H for hydrophobic and P for polar) designed to have water soluble
globular conformations with H monomers shielded from water inside the shell of
P monomers. We show, both by computer simulations and by exact analytical
calculation, that for large globules and flexible polymers such sequences
exhibit long-range correlations which can be described by Levy-flight
statistics.Comment: 4 pages, including 2 figures; several references added, some
formulations improve
Connecting Localism and Community Empowerment: Research Review and Critical Synthesis for the AHRC Connected Community Programme
The Connecting Localism and Community Empowerment project sought to assess the merits of the assumption that localisms brings about community empowerment through a review of the existing academic and policy literatures. The key findings from the review point towards a lack of clarity and coherence in the literature in the usage and interpretations of the terms âlocalismâ and âcommunity empowermentâ. They are often defined by implication or tacitly assumed to have an accepted definition. Whilst greater localism is generally claimed to increase community empowerment, there are substantive grounds for questioning this claim, which arise from critically analysing these concepts and how they interact. These grounds highlight conditions which need to be fulfilled if localism is to realise its potential to enhance community empowerment. To understand these conditions we analysed four international case studies. We also consider two assessments of the New Labour governmentâs localist policies in the UK
Two State Behavior in a Solvable Model of -hairpin folding
Understanding the mechanism of protein secondary structure formation is an
essential part of protein-folding puzzle. Here we describe a simple model for
the formation of the -hairpin, motivated by the fact that folding of a
-hairpin captures much of the basic physics of protein folding. We argue
that the coupling of ``primary'' backbone stiffness and ``secondary'' contact
formation (similar to the coupling between the ``secondary'' and ``tertiary''
structure in globular proteins), caused for example by side-chain packing
regularities, is responsible for producing an all-or-none 2-state
-hairpin formation. We also develop a recursive relation to compute the
phase diagram and single exponential folding/unfolding rate arising via a
dominant transition state.Comment: Revised versio
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