Capital Flight and the Economic Growth: Evidence From Nigeria

This research examined the impact of capital flight and its determinants on the Nigerian economy using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze data source from the period of 1981 to 2015. The variables included current account balance, capital flight, foreign direct investments, foreign reserve, inflation rate, external debt, and the real gross domestic product. It was to examine the existence of a long run relationship among the variables studied. The result indicates that capital flight has a negative impact on the economic growth of Nigeria. Therefore, there is a need for government to implement policies that will promote domestic investment and discourage capital flight from Nigeria

Eficiência relativa de fontes de silício no controle de brusone nas folhas em arroz Relative efficiency of silicon sources on rice leaf blast control

A adubação silicatada constitui uma das alternativas para diminuir o uso de fungicidas no controle da brusone em arroz. Foi realizado um experimento, durante 1999/2000 e repetido durante 2000/2001, com o objetivo de estudar a eficiência relativa de fontes de silício (Si) na redução da severidade da brusone nas folhas da cultivar Metica-1, em área de várzea. Os tratamentos foram três fontes de Si (silicato de alto forno; serpentinito, minério rico em Si e wollastonita, um metasilicato de cálcio natural), em cinco doses (0, 0,5, 1,0, 2,0 e 4,0 Mg ha-1) sem tratamento das sementes ou com tratamento das sementes com o fungicida pyroquilon 200 g de i.a. por 100 kg. A severidade da brusone diminuiu significativamente com o aumento de doses de silício. As relações entre a área sob curva de progresso da doença e as doses, tanto do silicato de alto forno quanto da wollastonita, foram lineares e negativas, com ou sem tratamento de sementes, em ambos os anos do experimento. Os resultados revelam o aumento da eficiência do tratamento das sementes com fungicida na redução da brusone nas folhas com a fertilização silicatada.<br>Silicon fertilization of rice is one of the alternatives for reducing the use of fungicides in the control of rice blast. An experiment was conducted, during 1999/2000 and repeated in 2000/2001, in order to study the efficiency of sources of silicon (Si) to reduce leaf blast on rice cultivar Metica-1, cultivated in the low land. The treatments included three sources of Si (high furnace silicate slag, serpentinite ore rich in silicon and wollastonite ore, a native calcium metasilicate) at five doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 Mg ha-1), with and without fungicide treatment (pyroquilon 200 g a.i. per 100 kg of seed). The blast disease severity decreased with increase in Si doses. The relationship between area under disease progress curve and doses of silicate slag as well as wollastonite were linear and negative, with and without seed treatment. Furthermore, the results show the increased efficiency of seed fungicide treatment in reducing blast severity, with silicon fertilization