Thin KAPTON polyimide films vacuum formed at high temperature retain their shape at temperatures to 450 K

Purpose of investigation was to identify candidate materials for self-evacuating multilayer insulation systems to be used on liquid hydrogen tanks on space shuttle, which would survive re-entry temperatures and mechanical and thermal cycling of one hundred flights

Lightweight modular multilayer insulation Final report

Self evacuating multilayer insulation system of aluminized Mylar and polyurethane foam for liquid hydrogen tank

Lightweight, self-evacuated insulation panels

Multilayer insulation of prefabricated panels is developed for cryogenic storage tanks. System utilizes panels of aluminized Mylar separated by sheets of low conductivity polyurethane foam. Panels are self-evacuated by cryopumping of gaseous carbon dioxide at time of use

Furosemide-induced vasodilation: Importance of the state of hydration and filtration

Furosemide-induced vasodilation: Importance of the state of hydration and filtration. The circumstances under which furose-mide increases renal blood flow was examined in mongrel dogs as it may relate to a tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. Two maneuvers, desoxycorticosterone (DOCA) plus salt treatment and inhibition of tubular fluid flow, were used in the dogs to evaluate the renal vascular effects of furosemide because these maneuvers have been reported to blunt the tubuloglomerular feedback in micropuncture studies. In addition, we also used two structurally different nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs to assess the importance of prostaglandins to achieve furosemide's renal vasodilation. Furosemide (5 mg/kg, i.v.) increased renal blood flow in volume-depleted animals from a baseline flow of 141 ± 28ml/min to a maximum of 176 ± 35ml/min at 6min after furosemide administration. If the animals were pretreated with a high-salt diet and i.m. DOCA for 5 days, furosemide administration produced no renal vascular effects but still caused a large diuresis, and these dogs still had a responsive renal vascular bed to infused prostaglandin E2. In addition, kidneys rendered non-filtering in volume-depleted animals had no renal vascular response to furosemide. Volume-depleted animals, pretreated with either indomethacin or sodium meclofenamate, did not have a renal vascular response to furosemide although they did have a diuretic response and a responsive renal vasculature to prostaglandin E2. From our data, we hypothesize that the renal vascular response to furosemide is secondary to a tubular mechanism mediated by a vasodilatory prostaglandin. Because furosemide has been shown to disrupt the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, and the two maneuvers, DOCA plus salt treatment and lack of filtration, blunt the tubuloglomerular feedback response as well as inhibit the renal vascular response to furosemide, we further hypothesize that furosemide-induced renal vasodilation may be secondary to the disruption of an active tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.Vasodilatation induite par le furosémide: Importance de l'état d'hydratation et de filtration. Les circonstances où le furosémide augmente le débit sanguin rénal ont été étudiées chez des chiens bâtards en fonction d'un mécanisme possible de rétro-contrôle tubulo-glomérulaire. Deux manoeuvres, le traitement par la désoxycorticosterone (DOCA) et le sel et l'inhibition du débit tubulaire, ont été utilisées chez des chiens pour évaluer les effets vasculaires rénaux du furosemide, puisque ces deux manoeuvres sont réputées effacer le rétro-contrôle tubulo-glomérulaire dans les études par microponction. De plus, nous avons employé deux drogues anti-inflammatoires, non stéroïdiennes, de structures différentes pour évaluer l'importance des prostaglandines dans le déterminisme d'une vasodilatation rénale. Le furosemide (5 mg/kg, i.v.) augmente le débit sanguin rénal chez les animaux déshydratés à partir d'une ligne de base de 141 ± 28ml/min jusqu'à un maximum de 176 ± 35ml/min 6 minutes après l'administration de furosémide. Quand les animaux ont été prétraités par une alimentation riche en sel et de la DOCA i.m. pendant 5 jours l'administration de furosémide n'a pas produit d'effets vasculaires rénaux mais a cependant déterminé une diurèse importante et le lit vasculaire rénal de ces chiens pouvait encore répondre à la perfusion de prostaglandines E2. De plus, des reins devenus non filtrants chez des animaux déshydratés n'avaient pas de réponse vasculaire rénale au furosémide. Les animaux déshydratés et pré-traités soit par l'indométhacine, soit par le méclofénamate de sodium, n'avaient pas de réponse vasculaire rénale au furosémide quoiqu'ils avaient une réponse diurétique et une réponse vasculaire rénale à la prostaglandin E2. De ces résultats nous tirons l'hypothèse que la réponse vasculaire rénale au furosémide est secondaire à un mécanisme tubulaire dont la vasodilatation par la prostaglandine est un médiateur. Puisqu'il a été montré que le furosemide supprime le rétro-contrôle tubulo-glomérulaire et que les deux manoeuvres, DOCA et sel, d'une part, absence de filtration, d'autre part, annulent le rétro-contrôle tubulo-glomérulaire de même qu'elles inhibent la réponse vasculaire rénale au furosémide, nous faisons l'hypothèse supplémentaire que la vasodilatation rénale induite par le furosémide peut être secondaire à l'interruption d'un mécanisme actif de rétro-contrôle tubulo-glomérulaire

Rigid open-cell polyurethane foam for cryogenic insulation

Lightweight polyurethane foam assembled in panels is effective spacer material for construction of self-evacuating multilayer insulation panels for cryogenic liquid tanks. Spacer material separates radiation shields with barrier that minimizes conductive and convective heat transfer between shields

Lightweight multilayer insulation system Final report

Self evacuating multilayer insulation panel systems for liquid hydrogen space tankag

Genetische Variabilität und Differenzierung von limnischen und marinen Populationen des Kamm-Laichkrautes Potamogeton pectinatus L.

This dissertation investigates the genetic population structure of the pondweed species Potamogeton pectinatus in northern Germany. The overarching hypothesis was that continuity (marine habitat) or isolation (freshwater lake habitat) of the habitat will have a profound effect on genetic diversity and differentiation. The sampling design comprised 14 Baltic Sea populations and 12 lake populations that span across approximately the same range of longitude and latitude. The analysis of genetic population structure was done using DNA microsatellites that were developed using enriched DNA libraries. The detection of population structure was influenced by somatic mutations. Findings of three alleles at one gene locus, and a bimodal distribution of pairwise genotype mismatch distribution suggested the occurrence of somatic chimeras, in particular in those populations that showed extensive clonal propagation. These somatic mutations changed the detectable genetic variation. Nevertheless, inferences on systematic differences of population structure between habitats will still be valid because there was no habitat specific bias. The influence of the postglacial recolonisation was detectable in the genetic variation within populations (as heterozygosity and number of alleles). In lake populations, the genetic diversity decreased from the putative refugial sites in the west towards eastern populations. This was not true for marine populations where genetic diversity remained constant throughout the study area. Since the Baltic Sea is a continuous habitat, its recolonisation by P. pectinatus has probably not suffered as much from founder effects than the lake populations did. The longitudinal gradient of clonal diversity was more complex. While in marine populations, the clonal diversity increased from west to east, the inverse was true for the lake populations. In the Baltic Sea, sexual reproduction was probably limited in more western sites that are more saline and hence more stressfull than the eastern sampling sites. In the lake populations, the overall population density decreased towards the east, suggesting some ecological limitation to the occurrence of pondweeds that may have been correlated with the concomittant decrease of sexual reproduction towars the east. A comparison of genetic differentiation between popoulations showed that at similar geographic distances, lake populations were markedly stronger differentiated than marine populations. Both habitat types showed a significant isolation-by-distance relationship. The slope of the regression line in lake habitats was twice as steep as among the marine populations, indicating higher gene flow in the continuous habitat. In conclusion, I have demonstrated that the isolation barrier 'land' between isolated lake habitats markedly reduces gene flowZusammenfassung 3 Abstract 5 1 Einleitung 7 1.1 Grundlagen der Populationsgenetik 7 1.2 Molekulare Methoden in der Populationsbiologie 7 1.3 Die Rolle von Habitatsstrukturen für den Genaustausch 8 1.4 Hypothesen 10 1.5 Zielart: Potamogeton pectinatus 11 1.6 Gliederung der Arbeit 13 2 Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von Mikrosatelliten-Markern bei Potamogeton pectinatus 15 2.1 Einleitung 15 2.2 Etablierung einer angereicherten DNA-Bibliothek 17 2.2.1 Methode 17 2.2.2 Ergebnisse 21 2.2.3 Überprüfung der Mikrosatelliten 22 3 Einfluss somatischer Mutationen auf intraklonale Variation und Populationsstrukturen 24 3.1 Einleitung 24 3.2 Material und Methode 27 3.3 Ergebnisse 29 3.4 Diskussion 33 4 Klonale und genetische Diversität in Populationen von Potamogeton pectinatus 39 4.1 Einleitung 39 4.2 Material und Methode 43 4.2.1 Material 43 4.2.2 Datenauswertung 46 4.3 Ergebnisse 47 4.4 Diskussion 51 5 Vergleich des Genflusses zwischen limnischen und marinen Populationen 56 5.1 Einleitung 56 5.2 Material und Methode 58 5.2.1 Material 58 5.2.2 Datenauswertung 58 5.3 Ergebnisse 61 5.3.1 Genfluss innerhalb der Habitatstypen 61 5.3.2 Genfluss zwischen den beiden Habitatstypen 64 5.4 Diskussion 65 6 Literatur 70 Anhang 8

Proteomic responses to gold(III)-toxicity in the bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34

Accepted 11th October 2016The metal-resistant β-proteobacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans drives gold (Au) biomineralisation and the (trans)formation of Au nuggets largely via unknown biochemical processes, ultimately leading to the reductive precipitation of mobile, toxic Au(i/iii)-complexes. In this study proteomic responses of C. metallidurans CH34 to mobile, toxic Au(iii)-chloride are investigated. Cells were grown in the presence of 10 and 50 μM Au(iii)-chloride, 50 μM Cu(ii)-chloride and without additional metals. Differentially expressed proteins were detected by difference gel electrophoresis and identified by liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry. Proteins that were more abundant in the presence of Au(iii)-chloride are involved in a range of important cellular functions, e.g., metabolic activities, transcriptional regulation, efflux and metal transport. To identify Au-binding proteins, protein extracts were separated by native 2D gel electrophoresis and Au in protein spots was detected by laser absorption inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A chaperon protein commonly understood to bind copper (Cu), CupC, was identified and shown to bind Au. This indicates that it forms part of a multi-metal detoxification system and suggests that similar/shared detoxification pathways for Au and Cu exist. Overall, this means that C. metallidurans CH34 is able to mollify the toxic effects of cytoplasmic Au(iii) by sequestering this Au-species. This effect may in the future be used to develop CupC-based biosensing capabilities for the in-field detection of Au in exploration samples.Carla M. Zammit, Florian Weiland, Joël Brugger, Benjamin Wade, Lyron Juan Winderbaum, Dietrich H. Nies, Gordon Southam, Peter Hoffmann and Frank Reit