1,012 research outputs found
Westbrook's Molecular Gun: Discovery of Near-IR Micro-Structures in AFGL 618
We present high-sensitivity near-IR images of a carbon-rich proto-planetary
nebula, AFGL 618, obtained with the Subaru Telescope. These images have
revealed ``bullets'' and ``horns'' extending farther out from the edges of the
previously known bipolar lobes. The spatial coincidence between these near-IR
micro-structures and the optical collimated outflow structure, together with
the detection of shock-excited, forbidden IR lines of atomic species, strongly
suggests that these bullets and horns represent the locations from which
[\ion{Fe}{2}] IR lines arise. We have also discovered CO clumps moving at km s at the positions of the near-IR bullets by re-analyzing the
existing CO interferometry data. These findings indicate that
the near-IR micro-structures represent the positions of shocked surfaces at
which fast-moving molecular clumps interface with the ambient circumstellar
shell.Comment: 2 figures. To appear in the ApJ Letter
Dust composition and mass-loss return from the luminous blue variable R71 in the LMC
We present an analysis of mid-and far-infrared (IR) spectrum and spectral
energy distribution (SED) of the LBV R71 in the LMC.This work aims to
understand the overall contribution of high-mass LBVs to the total dust-mass
budget of the interstellar medium (ISM) of the LMC and compare this with the
contribution from low-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. As a case
study, we analyze the SED of R71. We compiled all the available photometric and
spectroscopic observational fluxes from various telescopes for a wide
wavelength range (0.36 -- 250\,m). We determined the dust composition from
the spectroscopic data, and derived the ejected dust mass, dust mass-loss rate,
and other dust shell properties by modeling the SED of R71. We noted nine
spectral features in the dust shell of R71 by analyzing Spitzer spectroscopic
data. Among these, we identified three new crystalline silicate features. We
computed our model spectrum by using 3D radiative transfer code MCMax. Our
model calculation shows that dust is dominated by amorphous silicates, with
some crystalline silicates, metallic iron, and a very tiny amount of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. The presence of both silicates and PAHs
indicates that the dust has a mixed chemistry. We derived a dust mass of 0.01
M, from which we arrive at a total ejected mass of 5
M. This implies a time-averaged dust mass-loss rate of
2.510 M\,yr with an explosion about 4000 years
ago. We assume that the other five confirmed dusty LBVs in the LMC loose mass
at a similar rate, and estimate the total contribution to the mass budget of
the LMC to be 10 M\,yr, which is comparable to
the contribution by all the AGB stars in the LMC. Based on our analysis on R71,
we speculate that LBVs as a class may be an important dust source in the ISM of
the LMC.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
Classical and quantum three-dimensional integrable systems with axial symmetry
We study the most general form of a three dimensional classical integrable
system with axial symmetry and invariant under the axis reflection. We assume
that the three constants of motion are the Hamiltonian, , with the standard
form of a kinetic part plus a potential dependent on the position only, the
-component of the angular momentum, , and a Hamiltonian-like constant,
, for which the kinetic part is quadratic in the momenta. We find
the explicit form of these potentials compatible with complete integrability.
The classical equations of motion, written in terms of two arbitrary potential
functions, is separated in oblate spheroidal coordinates. The quantization of
such systems leads to a set of two differential equations that can be presented
in the form of spheroidal wave equations.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure
Spatial Distributions of Multiple Dust Components in the PPN/PN Dust Shells
We investigate spatial distributions of specific dust components in the
circumstellar shells of a proto-planetary nebula candidate, HD 179821, and a
planetary nebula, BD3639, by means of spectral imaging. With
high-resolution ground-based images and ISO spectra in the mid-infrared, we can
derive ``dust feature only'' maps by subtracting synthesized continuum maps
from the observed images at the feature wavelength. Such spatially detailed
information will help to develop models for the evolution of dust grains around
evolved stars.Comment: 4 pages + 7 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the conference,
"Post-AGB Objects (proto-planetary nebulae) as a Phase of Stellar Evolution",
Torun, Poland, July 5-7, 2000, eds. R. Szczerba, R. Tylenda, and S.K. Gorny.
Figures have been degraded to minimize the total file siz
Identical temperature dependence of the time scales of several linear-response functions of two glass-forming liquids
The frequency-dependent dielectric constant, shear and adiabatic bulk moduli,
longitudinal thermal expansion coefficient, and longitudinal specific heat have
been measured for two van der Waals glass-forming liquids,
tetramethyl-tetraphenyl-trisiloxane (DC704) and 5-polyphenyl-4-ether. Within
the experimental uncertainties the loss-peak frequencies of the measured
response functions have identical temperature dependence over a range of
temperatures, for which the Maxwell relaxation time varies more than nine
orders of magnitude. The time scales are ordered from fastest to slowest as
follows: Shear modulus, adiabatic bulk modulus, dielectric constant,
longitudinal thermal expansion coefficient, longitudinal specific heat. The
ordering is discussed in light of the recent conjecture that van der Waals
liquids are strongly correlating, i.e., approximate single-parameter liquids.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, Substantially revised versio
Ultracold atoms confined in an optical lattice plus parabolic potential: a closed-form approach
We discuss interacting and non-interacting one dimensional atomic systems
trapped in an optical lattice plus a parabolic potential. We show that, in the
tight-binding approximation, the non-interacting problem is exactly solvable in
terms of Mathieu functions. We use the analytic solutions to study the
collective oscillations of ideal bosonic and fermionic ensembles induced by
small displacements of the parabolic potential. We treat the interacting boson
problem by numerical diagonalization of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. From
analysis of the dependence upon lattice depth of the low-energy excitation
spectrum of the interacting system, we consider the problems of
"fermionization" of a Bose gas, and the superfluid-Mott insulator transition.
The spectrum of the noninteracting system turns out to provide a useful guide
to understanding the collective oscillations of the interacting system,
throughout a large and experimentally relevant parameter regime.Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures Minor modification were done and new references
were adde
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